Dr. Avram’s research interests include pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of hypnotics, sedatives, opioids, analgesics, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, chemotherapeutics, etc. His major research focus has been the development and evaluation of detailed PK models of rapidly acting intravanously administered drugs from the moment of injection to serve as the basis for understanding the PK basis of interindividual variability in response to these agents, which often have low clinical margins of safety.