Grants per year
Personal profile
Research Interests
The focus of my research efforts centered on the effect of bone graft substitutes in pre-clinical animal models. Our publications looked at the effects of viral-mediated gene therapy, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), adipose-derived stem cells, and demineralized bone matrix in a variety of rodent bone healing models in the extremity and spine. Furthermore, our research group studied the effects of novel imaging to track in vivo bone formation and metabolic activity. My current focus of research is aligned with my research partner and wife, Dr. Erin Hsu, who is a Research Assistant Professor at Northwestern University. Our work investigates the role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (Ahr) with a focus on gene and protein expression changes and downstream effects after activation by xenobiotics such as dioxin and its role on osteogenic differentiation and bone healing. This has led to publications suggesting that the mechanism in which smoking increases the risk of fracture nonunion is mediated by Ahr ligands and not nicotine. Another arm of our research aims to develop and evaluate novel technologies involving both nanomaterials and 3D-printing methodologies to ultimately produce a universally safe and effective bone graft substitute for use in humans. I serve as PI or Co-Investigator on all of these studies.
Certifications and Licenses
Orthopaedic Surgery |
Training Experience
2007 | Residency, Univ. of CA-Los Angeles Med. Ctr. |
2008 | Fellowship, Univ. of Wisconsin Hospital |
Expertise related to UN Sustainable Development Goals
In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. This person’s work contributes towards the following SDG(s):
Education/Academic qualification
Medicine, MD, Vanderbilt University
… → 2001
Research interests keywords
- Biomaterials
- Spinal Biomechanics
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Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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Prot # A Multi-Center Randomized Clinical Study of the NOCISCAN MR Spectroscopy (MRS) in Patients Treated for Discogenic Low Back Pain
Patel, A. A. (PD/PI), Divi, S. N. (Co-PD/PI) & Hsu, W. K. (Co-PD/PI)
Musculoskeletal Clinical Regulatory Advisors, LLC, Aclarion, Inc.
1/27/25 → 1/26/28
Project: Research project
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The Creation of a Digital Spine Consultant Using Large-Language Models
Divi, S. N. (PD/PI), Hsu, W. K. (Co-Investigator) & Patel, A. A. (Co-Investigator)
Cervical Spine Research Society
12/1/24 → 12/31/25
Project: Research project
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2024 - 2025 AO Spine North America Fellowship
Patel, A. A. (PD/PI), Divi, S. N. (Co-Investigator) & Hsu, W. K. (Co-Investigator)
AO North America Charitable Foundation
8/1/24 → 8/30/25
Project: Research project
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Preclinical Investigation of the Impact of E-cigarettes on Spinal Fusion
Hsu, E. L. (PD/PI), Hsu, E. L. (PD/PI), Gibly, R. F. (Co-Investigator), Gibly, R. F. (Co-Investigator), Hsu, W. K. (Co-Investigator) & Hsu, W. K. (Co-Investigator)
Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation
4/12/23 → 7/16/25
Project: Research project
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Prot#1006:An Assessment of P-15L Bone Graft in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Instrumentation
Hsu, W. K. (PD/PI)
Emergent Clinical Consulting, LLC, Cerapedics, Inc.
6/26/18 → 7/26/27
Project: Research project
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A Regional Cost and Outcomes Analysis of Outpatient Single Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) in the United States: 2016-2022
Chen, A. R., Balu, A. R., Rumalla, K. C., Herrera, D., Mittal, M., Bennett, C., Tegethoff, J., Plantz, M., Desai, P., Hsu, W. K., Patel, A. A. & Divi, S. N., 2025, (Accepted/In press) In: Spine.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Comparison of RVU Reimbursement in Anterior or Posterior Approach for Single- and Multilevel Cervical Spinal Fusion
Asthana, S., Bajaj, P., Staub, J., Workman, C., Khazanchi, R., Reyes, S., Patel, A. A., Hsu, W. K. & Divi, S. N., Apr 1 2025, In: Clinical spine surgery. 38, 3, p. E141-E144Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
1 Scopus citations -
Does PROMIS Identify Recall Accuracy and Bias in Elective Spine Surgery Patients?
Arpey, N. C., Staub, J. R., Alvandi, B. A., Gerlach, E. B., Barrett, J. E., Peabody, M. T., Morgan, A. M., Divi, S. N., Hsu, W. K. & Patel, A. A., 2025, (Accepted/In press) In: Clinical spine surgery. 10.1097/BSD.0000000000001807.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Identifying Predictors of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome Following Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Machine Learning Approach
Khazanchi, R., Kumar, D., Oris, R. J., Bajaj, A., Herrera, D. E., Chen, A. R., Shah, R. M., Asthana, S., Reyes, S. G., Bajaj, P., Hsu, W. K., Patel, A. A. & Divi, S. N., 2025, (Accepted/In press) In: Spine. 10.1097/BRS.0000000000005411.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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Lumbar Spine Injuries in Recreational Athletes: A Review
Hsu, W., Turk, R. & Spector, L., 2025, (Accepted/In press) In: Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 10.5435/JAAOS-D-24-00979.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
Datasets
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The Effectiveness of Bioskills Training for Simulated Lumbar Pedicle Screw Placement
Boody, B. S. (Creator), Hashmi, S. Z. (Contributor), Rosenthal, B. D. (Creator), Maslak, J. P. (Creator), McCarthy, M. H. (Creator), Patel, A. A. (Contributor), Savage, J. W. (Creator) & Hsu, W. K. (Contributor), figshare, 2019
DOI: 10.25384/sage.c.4222898.v2, https://sage.figshare.com/collections/The_Effectiveness_of_Bioskills_Training_for_Simulated_Lumbar_Pedicle_Screw_Placement/4222898/2
Dataset