The role of a-synuclein accumulation in lysosomal hydrolase trafficking and function

Protein accumulation is a soundly documented feature of all age-related neurodegenerative disorders, however the initiating events that lead to their formation, as well as their relationship to disease, remains unknown. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the conversion of a normally soluble synaptic protein called a-synuclein into insoluble amyloid fibrils that comprise Lewy body inclusions within Parkinson’s brain. Our recent data indicated that disruption of cellular degradation capacity through mutations in the lysosomal gene GBA1 contribute to the aggregation of a-synuclein. This suggested that disruption of lysosomal function contributes to the formation of Lewy bodies. Interestingly, we found that when a-synuclein accumulates, it can in turn feed back to inhibit the lysosomal system, thus causing a self-propagating cycle that promotes amyloid formation and growth within neurons. Our preliminary data indicate that a-synuclein inhibits the trafficking of hydrolases and prevents them from reaching the lysosomal compartment, however the molecular mechanism is not known. Experiments outlined in this application aim to delineate how a-syn disrupts lysosomes using cell lines, PD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell models, transgenic mice, and PD brain. Our goals are to 1) define the relationship between distinct a-syn aggregated assemblies and lysosomal dysfunction / neurotoxicity, 2) determine how a-syn affects protein trafficking of lysosomal hydrolases, 3) discover new rescue pathways in PD centered around promoting hydrolase folding and trafficking to the lysosome. These studies will provide new insight into the mechanism of how amyloid aggregates disrupt cellular processes, and identify novel therapeutic pathways for synucleinopathies centered on enhancement of the lysosomal clearance pathway.