β-Glucocerebrosidase Modulators Promote Dimerization of β-Glucocerebrosidase and Reveal an Allosteric Binding Site

Jianbin Zheng, Long Chen, Owen S. Skinner, Daniel Ysselstein, Jonathan Remis, Peter Lansbury, Renato Skerlj, Michael Mrosek, Ursula Heunisch, Stephan Krapp, Joel Charrow, Michael Schwake, Neil L. Kelleher, Richard B. Silverman*, Dimitri Krainc

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

38 Scopus citations

Abstract

β-Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) mutations cause Gaucher's disease and are a high risk factor in Parkinson's disease. The implementation of a small molecule modulator is a strategy to restore proper folding and lysosome delivery of degradation-prone mutant GCase. Here, we present a potent quinazoline modulator, JZ-4109, which stabilizes wild-type and N370S mutant GCase and increases GCase abundance in patient-derived fibroblast cells. We then developed a covalent modification strategy using a lysine targeted inactivator (JZ-5029) for in vitro mechanistic studies. By using native top-down mass spectrometry, we located two potentially covalently modified lysines. We obtained the first crystal structure, at 2.2 Å resolution, of a GCase with a noniminosugar modulator covalently bound, and were able to identify the exact lysine residue modified (Lys346) and reveal an allosteric binding site. GCase dimerization was induced by our modulator binding, which was observed by native mass spectrometry, its crystal structure, and size exclusion chromatography with a multiangle light scattering detector. Finally, the dimer form was confirmed by negative staining transmission electron microscopy studies. Our newly discovered allosteric site and observed GCase dimerization provide a new mechanistic insight into GCase and its noniminosugar modulators and facilitate the rational design of novel GCase modulators for Gaucher's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)5914-5924
Number of pages11
JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society
Volume140
Issue number18
DOIs
StatePublished - May 9 2018

Funding

This work was supported by R01NS076054 (to D.K.). J.Z. and M.S. are also supported by a fellowship from Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc. (Cambridge, MA) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Heisenberg Programme), respectively. O.S.S. is supported by a US National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (2014171659). N.L.K. acknowledges support from the W.M. Keck Foundation (DT061512) and the Neuroproteomics Center funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30 DA018310). We thank Dali Liu from Loyola University for his fruitful discussions and critical reading of the paper. We thank Habibi Goudarzi and Saman Shafaie from IMSERC at Northwestern University for their assistance with HRMS experiments, Chi-Hao Luan from Northwestern University's High Throughput Analysis Laboratory for his assistance with thermal denaturation experiments, and Theint Aung and Arabela A. Grigorescu from Northwestern University's Keck Biophysics Facility for their assistance with SEC-MALS experiments. This work made use of the IMSERC at Northwestern University, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205), the State of Illinois, and the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN). This research used resources of the Swiss Light Source (SLS Villigen, Switzerland). This work used resources of the Northwestern University Structural Biology Facility which is generously supported by NCI CCSG P30 CA060553 awarded to the Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry

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