1,2-Di(phenylethynyl)ethenes with axially chiral, 2,2′-bridged 1,1′-binaphthyl substituents: Potent cholesteric liquid-crystal inducers

Axially chiral, 3,5-dihydro-4H-dinaphtho[2,1-c:1′,2′-e]azepine (dinaphthazepine) and 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-disulfonimide (dinaphthosulfonimide) moieties were rigidly connected via N-p-phenylene linkers to photochemically (E)/(Z)-isomerisable 1,2-diethynylethene scaffolds. The chemical stability of the resulting systems was found to be critically related to the other substituents on the central π-conjugated scaffold. High helical twisting power (HTP), up to 315 μm^-1, for the induction of a cholesteric liquid-crystalline phase through doping of a nematic phase was measured, resulting from the introduction of the chiral, mesogenic 1,1′-binaphthyl motifs. Single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the phenylene spacer is in π-conjugation with the N-atom of the dinaphthazepine but not with the N-atom of the dinaphthosulfonimide moiety. This difference in orientation results in visible-transparency in the electronic absorption spectrum and higher (E)/(Z)-photoisomerisation quantum yields of the dinaphthosulfonimide-derived chiral dopants, as compared to the dinaphthazepine systems, which feature intramolecular charge-transfer absorption in the visible region.