@article{00b2002c78d548c3a9ca3050e4fd4a95,
title = "2022 roadmap on low temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction",
abstract = "Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) is an attractive option for storing renewable electricity and for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals and fuels. In this roadmap, we review recent progress in fundamental understanding, catalyst development, and in engineering and scale-up. We discuss the outstanding challenges towards commercialization of electrochemical CO2R technology: energy efficiencies, selectivities, low current densities, and stability. We highlight the opportunities in establishing rigorous standards for benchmarking performance, advances in in operando characterization, the discovery of new materials towards high value products, the investigation of phenomena across multiple-length scales and the application of data science towards doing so. We hope that this collective perspective sparks new research activities that ultimately bring us a step closer towards establishing a low- or zero-emission carbon cycle.",
keywords = "CO2 reduction, electrocatalysis, electrochemistry, solar fuels",
author = "Stephens, {Ifan E.L.} and Karen Chan and Alexander Bagger and Boettcher, {Shannon W.} and Julien Bonin and Etienne Boutin and Buckley, {Aya K.} and Raffaella Buonsanti and Cave, {Etosha R.} and Xiaoxia Chang and Chee, {See Wee} and {da Silva}, {Alisson H.M.} and {de Luna}, Phil and Oliver Einsle and Bal{\'a}zs Endr{\H o}di and Maria Escudero-Escribano and {Ferreira de Araujo}, {Jorge V.} and Figueiredo, {Marta C.} and Christopher Hahn and Hansen, {Kentaro U.} and Sophia Haussener and Sara Hunegnaw and Ziyang Huo and Hwang, {Yun Jeong} and Csaba Jan{\'a}ky and Jayathilake, {Buddhinie S.} and Feng Jiao and Jovanov, {Zarko P.} and Parisa Karimi and Koper, {Marc T.M.} and Kuhl, {Kendra P.} and Lee, {Woong Hee} and Zhiqin Liang and Xuan Liu and Sichao Ma and Ming Ma and Oh, {Hyung Suk} and Marc Robert and Cuenya, {Beatriz Roldan} and Jan Rossmeisl and Claudie Roy and Ryan, {Mary P.} and Sargent, {Edward H.} and Paula Sebasti{\'a}n-Pascual and Brian Seger and Ludmilla Steier and Peter Strasser and Varela, {Ana Sofia} and Vos, {Rafa{\"e}l E.} and Xue Wang and Bingjun Xu and Hossein Yadegari and Yuxiang Zhou",
note = "Funding Information: Twelve would like to thank the United States Small Business and Innovation Research Program within the National Science Foundation, NASA, the US Air Force, and the Department of Energy for their financial support of our work. We also acknowledge support from the following Department of Energy programs and offices: the Advanced Manufacturing Office, Chemical Catalysis for Bioenergy, the Office of Fossil Energy, Small Business Technology Transfer, High Performance Computing for Energy Innovation, SCALEUP, the Bioenergy Technologies Office, and the Technology Commercialization Fund. We further acknowledge the California Energy Commission{\textquoteright}s RAMP and CalSeed funding and private financial support through the Roddenberry, Keeling Curve, Ocean Exchange, TomKat Center, and Echoing Green awards. Funding Information: We thank the funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Nos. 716539 and 899747) and from the Hungarian {\textquoteleft}Sz{\'e}chenyi 2020{\textquoteright} program in the framework of GINOP-2.2.1-15-2017-00041 project. Funding Information: Bipolar membrane work at the University of Oregon was funded by the Office of Naval Research Award No. N00014-20-1-2517, as well as by the US Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Fuel Cell Technologies Office (FCTO) Award No. DE-EE0008841. Work on CO utilization was funded by the Liquid Sunlight Alliance under Award No. DE-SC0021266. 2 Funding Information: We gratefully acknowledge the Villum Foundation for financial support through a Villum Young Investigator Grant (Project Number: 19142), and the Danish foundation through the DFF-Research Project 1 (Thematic Research, green transition) Grant with Number: 0217-00213A. We also acknowledge support from the Danish National Research Foundation Center of Excellence {\textquoteleft}Center for High Entropy Alloy Catalysis{\textquoteright} (DNRF-149). Funding Information: A S V acknowledge the support given by the Mexican council of Science and Technology (SEP-CONACyT) through the Project No. 282552. Funding Information: The research leading to the present results has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No. 101006701 (ECOFUEL) and Grant No. 851441 (SELECTCO2). Funding Information: This research was carried out under Project Number ENPPS.IPP.019.002 in the framework of the Research Program of the Materials innovation institute (M2i) ( www.m2i.nl ) and received funding from Tata Steel Nederland Technology BV and the Dutch Research Council (NWO) in the framework of the ENW PPP Fund for the top sectors and from the Ministry of Economic Affairs in the framework of the {\textquoteleft}PPS-Toeslagregeling{\textquoteright}. Funding Information: We acknowledged the support from the National Research Council of Canada{\textquoteright}s (NRC-CNRC) Materials for Clean Fuel (MCF) Challenge Program. Funding Information: We thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence Program for support. Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 85144, (SELECTCO2) as well as the ECOEthylene project from Innovation Fund Denmark (Grant #8057-00018B). Authors also acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China (22179105). Funding Information: M R acknowledges the French National Agency for Research (ANR-16-CE05-0010-01) and the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) for partial financial support. Funding Information: L S acknowledges her Imperial College Research Fellowship in the Department of Materials and would like to thank Mr Benjamin T Bowers and Dr Soren Scott for their useful comments on this article. Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FE0031910. Funding Information: K C acknowledges a Grant 9455 from VILLUM FONDEN. I E L S acknowledges funding from the National Research Council Canada through the Materials for Clean Fuels Challenge Program and from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 866402). Funding Information: R B thanks the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 715634-HYCAT). This publication was created as part of NCCR Catalysis, a National Centre of Competence in Research funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Funding Information: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RTG 1976, Project No. 235777276 and PP 1927, Project No. 311061829) and the European Research Council (Grant No. 310656). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.",
year = "2022",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1088/2515-7655/ac7823",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "4",
journal = "JPhys Energy",
issn = "2515-7655",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "4",
}
