Abstract
Additive manufacturing of objects with complex geometries from refractory metals remains very challenging. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of tungsten sheet-gyroids via 3D ink-extrusion of WO3 nano-powder followed by hydrogen reduction and activated sintering with NiO additions, as an alternative route to beam-based additive manufacturing of tungsten and other high melting metals and alloys. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the tungsten sheet-gyroids are measured for various wall architectures and processing conditions. The original gyroid architecture, separating two equally-sized volumes, is modified to achieve double-wall gyroids (with three separate volumes) with higher relative densities. The compressive properties of these single- and double-walled gyroids are compared to cross-ply lattice structures at 20 and 400 °C, below and above the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of tungsten. Gyroids are similarly stiff but have lower peak stresses and absorption energy as compared to cross-plies, due to a more severe multiaxial stress state. Based on architecture changes (number, spacing and width of walls), the mechanical properties of the printed gyroids can be tailored to their application requirements.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 101613 |
| Journal | Additive Manufacturing |
| Volume | 36 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2020 |
Funding
CK and JPWS contributed equally to this manuscript. CK received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation as an Early Postdoc Mobility fellowship under grant No. 172180 . NRG was supported by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship . This work made use of the EPIC facility of Northwestern University’s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource ( NSF ECCS-1542205 ); the MRSEC program at the Materials Research Center ( NSF DMR-1720139 ); the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN) ; the Keck Foundation ; and the State of Illinois , through the IIN. This work also made use of the Materials Characterization Laboratory (MatCI), which received support from the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1720139). Tomography was performed at beamline 2-BM with support from X. Xiao and P. Shevchenko at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois, USA. All 3D-printed samples were produced in RNS’ laboratory at Northwestern University (NU), which is a part of Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology and is funded in part by The U.S. Army Research Office , the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command , and Northwestern University . The authors express their gratitude to Stuart Holdsworth and Valliappa Kalyanasundaram from the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) for their help with mechanical testing. They also thank Dr. Adam Jakus (NU) for assistance with the printing process, and Fabio Krogh and Micha Calvo (ETH Zürich) for helpful discussions. CK and JPWS contributed equally to this manuscript. CK received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation as an Early Postdoc Mobility fellowship under grant No.172180. NRG was supported by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship. This work made use of the EPIC facility of Northwestern University's NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205); the MRSEC program at the Materials Research Center (NSF DMR-1720139); the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. This work also made use of the Materials Characterization Laboratory (MatCI), which received support from the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1720139). Tomography was performed at beamline 2-BM with support from X. Xiao and P. Shevchenko at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois, USA. All 3D-printed samples were produced in RNS’ laboratory at Northwestern University (NU), which is a part of Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology and is funded in part by The U.S. Army Research Office, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command, and Northwestern University. The authors express their gratitude to Stuart Holdsworth and Valliappa Kalyanasundaram from the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) for their help with mechanical testing. They also thank Dr. Adam Jakus (NU) for assistance with the printing process, and Fabio Krogh and Micha Calvo (ETH Zürich) for helpful discussions.
Keywords
- Additive manufacturing
- Cellular materials
- Direct ink writing
- Gyroid
- Tungsten
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biomedical Engineering
- General Materials Science
- Engineering (miscellaneous)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
