4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement: 2023 update

Malenka M. Bissell*, Francesca Raimondi, Lamia Ait Ali, Bradley D. Allen, Alex J. Barker, Ann Bolger, Nicholas Burris, Carl Johan Carhäll, Jeremy D. Collins, Tino Ebbers, Christopher J. Francois, Alex Frydrychowicz, Pankaj Garg, Julia Geiger, Hojin Ha, Anja Hennemuth, Michael D. Hope, Albert Hsiao, Kevin Johnson, Sebastian KozerkeLiliana E. Ma, Michael Markl, Duarte Martins, Marci Messina, Thekla H. Oechtering, Pim van Ooij, Cynthia Rigsby, Jose Rodriguez-Palomares, Arno A.W. Roest, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate, Susanne Schnell, Julio Sotelo, Matthias Stuber, Ali B. Syed, Johannes Töger, Rob van der Geest, Jos Westenberg, Liang Zhong, Yumin Zhong, Oliver Wieben, Petter Dyverfeldt

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

89 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hemodynamic assessment is an integral part of the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Four-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance flow imaging (4D Flow CMR) allows comprehensive and accurate assessment of flow in a single acquisition. This consensus paper is an update from the 2015 ‘4D Flow CMR Consensus Statement’. We elaborate on 4D Flow CMR sequence options and imaging considerations. The document aims to assist centers starting out with 4D Flow CMR of the heart and great vessels with advice on acquisition parameters, post-processing workflows and integration into clinical practice. Furthermore, we define minimum quality assurance and validation standards for clinical centers. We also address the challenges faced in quality assurance and validation in the research setting. We also include a checklist for recommended publication standards, specifically for 4D Flow CMR. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and the future of 4D Flow CMR. This updated consensus paper will further facilitate widespread adoption of 4D Flow CMR in the clinical workflow across the globe and aid consistently high-quality publication standards.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number40
JournalJournal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Volume25
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2023

Funding

1R01HL149787-01A1 (S. Schnell, M. Markl), 1R21NS122511-01 (S. Schnell), 1R01CA233878-01 (J.Collins) J.Sotelo thanks to ANID–Millennium Science Initiative Program–ICN2021_004 and FONDECYT de iniciación en investigación #11200481. Dr. Oechtering receives funding from the German Research Foundation (OE 746/1-1).

Keywords

  • 4D Flow CMR
  • 4D Flow MRI
  • Cardiovascular
  • Clinical
  • Flow quantification
  • Flow visualization
  • Heart disease
  • Hemodynamics
  • MR flow imaging
  • Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
  • Recommendations

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
  • Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Family Practice

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