@inproceedings{a63cc30093044d7b966f9e3e63257041,
title = "A hidden Markov model based visual speech synthesizer",
abstract = "This paper describes a hidden Markov model (HMM) based visual synthesizer designed to assist persons with impairedhearing. This synthesizer builds on results in the area of audio-visual speech recognition. We describe how a correlation HMM can be used to integrate independent acoustic and visual HMMs for speech-to-visual synthesis. Our results show that an HMM correlating model can significantly improve synchronization errors versus techniques which compensate for rate differences through scaling.",
author = "Williams, {Jay J.} and Katsaggelos, {Aggelos K.} and Randolph, {Mark A.}",
year = "2000",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1109/ICASSP.2000.859323",
language = "English (US)",
series = "ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
pages = "2393--2396",
booktitle = "Image and Multidimensional Signal ProcessingMultimedia Signal Processing",
address = "United States",
note = "25th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2000 ; Conference date: 05-06-2000 Through 09-06-2000",
}