A Large Fraction of Hydrogen-rich Supernova Progenitors Experience Elevated Mass Loss Shortly Prior to Explosion

Rachel J. Bruch*, Avishay Gal-Yam, Steve Schulze, Ofer Yaron, Yi Yang, Maayane Soumagnac, Mickael Rigault, Nora L. Strotjohann, Eran Ofek, Jesper Sollerman, Frank J. Masci, Cristina Barbarino, Anna Y.Q. Ho, Christoffer Fremling, Daniel Perley, Jakob Nordin, S. Bradley Cenko, S. Adams, Igor Adreoni, Eric C. BellmNadia Blagorodnova, Mattia Bulla, Kevin Burdge, Kishalay De, Suhail Dhawan, Andrew J. Drake, Dmitry A. Duev, Alison Dugas, Matthew Graham, Melissa L. Graham, Ido Irani, Jacob Jencson, Emir Karamehmetoglu, Mansi Kasliwal, Young Lo Kim, Shrinivas Kulkarni, Thomas Kupfer, Jingyi Liang, Ashish Mahabal, A. A. Miller, Thomas A. Prince, Reed Riddle, Y. Sharma, Roger Smith, Francesco Taddia, Kirsty Taggart, Richard Walters, Lin Yan

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

32 Scopus citations

Abstract

Spectroscopic detection of narrow emission lines traces the presence of circumstellar mass distributions around massive stars exploding as core-collapse supernovae. Transient emission lines disappearing shortly after the supernova explosion suggest that the material spatial extent is compact and implies an increased mass loss shortly prior to explosion. Here, we present a systematic survey for such transient emission lines (Flash Spectroscopy) among Type II supernovae detected in the first year of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey. We find that at least six out of ten events for which a spectrum was obtained within two days of the estimated explosion time show evidence for such transient flash lines. Our measured flash event fraction (>30% at 95% confidence level) indicates that elevated mass loss is a common process occurring in massive stars that are about to explode as supernovae.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number46
JournalAstrophysical Journal
Volume912
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - May 1 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Space and Planetary Science

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'A Large Fraction of Hydrogen-rich Supernova Progenitors Experience Elevated Mass Loss Shortly Prior to Explosion'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
  • ZTF Type II supernovae with follow-up obs.

    Bruch, R. J. (Creator), Gal-Yam, A. (Creator), Schulze, S. (Creator), Yaron, O. (Creator), Yang, Y. (Contributor), Soumagnac, M. (Creator), Rigault, M. (Creator), Strotjohann, N. L. (Creator), Ofek, E. (Creator), Sollerman, J. (Creator), Masci, F. J. (Creator), Barbarino, C. (Creator), Ho, A. Y. Q. (Contributor), Fremling, C. (Creator), Perley, D. (Creator), Nordin, J. (Creator), Cenko, S. B. (Creator), Adams, S. (Creator), Adreoni, I. (Creator), Bellm, E. C. (Creator), Blagorodnova, N. (Creator), Bulla, M. (Creator), Burdge, K. (Creator), De, K. (Creator), Dhawan, S. (Creator), Drake, A. J. (Creator), Duev, D. A. (Creator), Dugas, A. (Creator), Graham, M. (Creator), Graham, M. L. (Creator), Irani, I. (Creator), Jencson, J. (Creator), Karamehmetoglu, E. (Creator), Kasliwal, M. (Creator), Kim, Y. (Creator), Kulkarni, S. (Creator), Kupfer, T. (Creator), Liang, J. (Creator), Mahabal, A. (Creator), Miller, A. A. (Creator), Prince, T. A. (Creator), Riddle, R. (Creator), Sharma, Y. (Creator), Smith, R. (Creator), Taddia, F. (Creator), Taggart, K. (Creator), Walters, R. (Creator) & Yan, L. (Creator), Centre de Donnees Strasbourg (CDS), 2022

    Dataset

Cite this