@article{b882d54842ba4fc3b49de09310cc7427,
title = "A megastudy of text-based nudges encouraging patients to get vaccinated at an upcoming doctor's appointment",
abstract = "Many Americans fail to get life-saving vaccines each year, and the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 makes the challenge of encouraging vaccination more urgent than ever. We present a large field experiment (N = 47,306) testing 19 nudges delivered to patients via text message and designed to boost adoption of the influenza vaccine. Our findings suggest that text messages sent prior to a primary care visit can boost vaccination rates by an average of 5%. Overall, interventions performed better when they were 1) framed as reminders to get flu shots that were already reserved for the patient and 2) congruent with the sort of communications patients expected to receive from their healthcare provider (i.e., not surprising, casual, or interactive). The best-performing intervention in our study reminded patients twice to get their flu shot at their upcoming doctor's appointment and indicated it was reserved for them. This successful script could be used as a template for campaigns to encourage the adoption of life-saving vaccines, including against COVID-19.",
keywords = "COVID-19, Field experiment, Influenza, Nudge, Vaccination",
author = "Milkman, {Katherine L.} and Patel, {Mitesh S.} and Linnea Gandhi and Graci, {Heather N.} and Gromet, {Dena M.} and Hung Ho and Kay, {Joseph S.} and Lee, {Timothy W.} and Modupe Akinola and John Beshears and Bogard, {Jonathan E.} and Alison Buttenheim and Chabris, {Christopher F.} and Chapman, {Gretchen B.} and Choi, {James J.} and Hengchen Dai and Fox, {Craig R.} and Amir Goren and Hilchey, {Matthew D.} and Jillian Hmurovic and John, {Leslie K.} and Dean Karlan and Melanie Kim and David Laibson and Cait Lamberton and Madrian, {Brigitte C.} and Meyer, {Michelle N.} and Maria Modanu and Jimin Nam and Todd Rogers and Renante Rondina and Silvia Saccardo and Maheen Shermohammed and Dilip Soman and Jehan Sparks and Caleb Warren and Megan Weber and Ron Berman and Evans, {Chalanda N.} and Snider, {Christopher K.} and Eli Tsukayama and {Van den Bulte}, Christophe and Volpp, {Kevin G.} and Duckworth, {Angela L.}",
note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award P30AG034532, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Flu Lab, and the Penn Center for Precision Medicine Accelerator Fund. Support for this research was also provided in part by the AKO Foundation, John Alexander, Mark J. Leder, and Warren G. Lichtenstein. We thank Chayce Baldwin for outstanding research assistance, Joseph Simmons for valuable feedback on the manuscript, and Julian Parris for consulting with us on attribute analyses. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of any of the listed entities. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1073/PNAS.2101165118",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "118",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "20",
}
