Aberrant glial activation and synaptic defects in CaMKIIα-iCre and nestin-Cre transgenic mouse models

Alia O. Alia, Sohee Jeon, Jelena Popovic, Miranda A. Salvo, Katherine R. Sadleir, Robert Vassar, Leah K. Cuddy*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

Current scientific research is driven by the ability to manipulate gene expression by utilizing the Cre/loxP system in transgenic mouse models. However, artifacts in Cre-driver mouse lines that introduce undesired effects and confound results are increasingly being reported. Here, we show aberrant neuroinflammation and synaptic changes in two widely used Cre-driver mouse models. Neuroinflammation in CaMKIIα-iCre mice was characterized by the activation and proliferation of microglia and astrocytes in synaptic layers of the hippocampus. Increased GFAP and Iba1 levels were observed in hippocampal brain regions of 4-, 8- and 22-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice compared to WT littermates. Synaptic changes in NMDAR, AMPAR, PSD95 and phosphorylated CaMKIIα became apparent in 8-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice but were not observed in 4-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice. Synaptophysin and synaptoporin were unchanged in CaMKIIα-iCre compared to WT mice, suggesting that synaptic alterations may occur in excitatory postsynaptic regions in which iCre is predominantly expressed. Finally, hippocampal volume was reduced in 22-month-old CaMKIIα-iCre mice compared to WT mice. We tested the brains of mice of additional common Cre-driver mouse models for neuroinflammation; the nestin-Cre mouse model showed synaptic changes and astrocytosis marked by increased GFAP+ astrocytes in cortical and hippocampal regions, while the original CaMKIIα-Cre T29-1 strain was comparable to WT mice. The mechanisms underlying abnormal neuroinflammation in nestin-Cre and CaMKIIα-iCre are unknown but may be associated with high levels of Cre expression. Our findings are critical to the scientific community and demonstrate that the correct Cre-driver controls must be included in all studies using these mice.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number22099
JournalScientific reports
Volume12
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2022

Funding

The authors thank members of the Vassar lab for providing valuable advice about the study and manuscript. Center for Advanced Microscopy for help with quantification of immunofluorescence images. This work was funded by the Cure Alzheimer’s Fund and the Baila Foundation (RV).

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General

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