TY - JOUR
T1 - Accelerated early vascular aging among adolescents with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus
AU - Ryder, Justin R.
AU - Northrop, Elise
AU - Rudser, Kyle D.
AU - Kelly, Aaron S.
AU - Gao, Zhiqian
AU - Khoury, Philip R.
AU - Kimball, Thomas R.
AU - Dolan, Lawrence M.
AU - Urbina, Elaine M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health R01 HL105591 (Urbina) and the National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, through Grant UL1 TR001425. Work is also supported in part by award UL1TR002494 of NCATS.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.
PY - 2020/5/10
Y1 - 2020/5/10
N2 - BACKGROUND: The normal rate of subclinical vascular aging from adolescence to young adulthood has not been well-characterized. We conducted a 5-year longitudinal study among adolescents with normal-weight, obesity, and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus to examine trajectories of early vascular aging. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adolescents (mean [SD] age 17.6 [3.5]; 35.3% male) had either normal weight (n=141), obesity (n=156), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=151) at baseline. Primary metrics used for early vascular aging included measures of vascular structure (carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT]; common, internal, and bulb) and arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index). Longitudinal (5-year) outcomes were examined using generalized estimating equations ad-justing for baseline value, sex, race, and age. Compared with participants with normal weight, those with obesity had greater positive change in common cIMT (0.05 mm [0.03, 0.06]; P<0.001), bulb cIMT (0.02 mm [0.00, 0.05]; P=0.033), internal cIMT (0.03 mm [0.01, 0.05]; P<0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid-femoral (0.38 m/sec [0.14, 0.61]; P=0.001), and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus had greater positive change in common cIMT (0.05 mm [0.04, 0.07]; P<0.001), bulb cIMT (0.06 mm [0.04, 0.09]; P<0.001), internal cIMT (0.04 mm [0.02, 0.07]; P<0.001), augmentation index (4.67% [2.20, 7.13]; P<0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid-femoral (0.74 m/sec [0.46, 1.02]; P<0.001). Higher baseline systolic blood pressure was associated with greater positive change in common cIMT (0.007 mm [0.003, 0.011]; P<0.001), bulb cIMT (0.009 mm [0.002, 0.016]; P=0.01), internal cIMT (0.008 mm [0.003, 0.013]; P=0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid-femoral (0.066 m/sec [0.002, 0.130]; P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: These longitudinal data support the hypothesis that the presence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and elevated baseline systolic blood pressure in early life accelerates the progression of risk factors key in the development of early vascular aging.
AB - BACKGROUND: The normal rate of subclinical vascular aging from adolescence to young adulthood has not been well-characterized. We conducted a 5-year longitudinal study among adolescents with normal-weight, obesity, and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus to examine trajectories of early vascular aging. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adolescents (mean [SD] age 17.6 [3.5]; 35.3% male) had either normal weight (n=141), obesity (n=156), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=151) at baseline. Primary metrics used for early vascular aging included measures of vascular structure (carotid intima-media thickness [cIMT]; common, internal, and bulb) and arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index). Longitudinal (5-year) outcomes were examined using generalized estimating equations ad-justing for baseline value, sex, race, and age. Compared with participants with normal weight, those with obesity had greater positive change in common cIMT (0.05 mm [0.03, 0.06]; P<0.001), bulb cIMT (0.02 mm [0.00, 0.05]; P=0.033), internal cIMT (0.03 mm [0.01, 0.05]; P<0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid-femoral (0.38 m/sec [0.14, 0.61]; P=0.001), and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus had greater positive change in common cIMT (0.05 mm [0.04, 0.07]; P<0.001), bulb cIMT (0.06 mm [0.04, 0.09]; P<0.001), internal cIMT (0.04 mm [0.02, 0.07]; P<0.001), augmentation index (4.67% [2.20, 7.13]; P<0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid-femoral (0.74 m/sec [0.46, 1.02]; P<0.001). Higher baseline systolic blood pressure was associated with greater positive change in common cIMT (0.007 mm [0.003, 0.011]; P<0.001), bulb cIMT (0.009 mm [0.002, 0.016]; P=0.01), internal cIMT (0.008 mm [0.003, 0.013]; P=0.001), and pulse wave velocity carotid-femoral (0.066 m/sec [0.002, 0.130]; P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: These longitudinal data support the hypothesis that the presence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and elevated baseline systolic blood pressure in early life accelerates the progression of risk factors key in the development of early vascular aging.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Cardiovascular
KW - Longitudinal
KW - Subclinical
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U2 - 10.1161/JAHA.119.014891
DO - 10.1161/JAHA.119.014891
M3 - Article
C2 - 32370578
AN - SCOPUS:85084935803
SN - 2047-9980
VL - 9
JO - Journal of the American Heart Association
JF - Journal of the American Heart Association
IS - 10
M1 - e014891
ER -
