Adversity in early and midadolescence is associated with elevated startle responses to safety cues in late adolescence

Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn, Allison M. Waters, Susan Mineka, Richard E. Zinbarg, Edward M. Ornitz, Bruce Naliboff, Michelle G. Craske

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Elevated responding to safety cues in the context of threat is associated with anxiety disorder onset, but pathways underlying such responding remain unclear. In this study, we examined whether childhood/adolescent adversity was associated with larger startle reflexes during safe phases of a fear-potentiation startle paradigm (following delivery of an aversive stimulus) that predict anxiety disorders. Participants (N = 104) came from the Youth Emotion Project, a longitudinal study of risk factors for emotional disorders. Participants with no baseline psychopathology underwent a startle-modulation protocol and assessment for childhood and adolescent adversities using a validated interview. Adolescent adversity was associated with larger startle reflexes during the safe phases following an aversive stimulus. Neither child adversities nor adolescent adversities were associated with responding during any other phase of the protocol. These findings suggest a pathway between adolescent adversity and a risk factor for anxiety disorders in which adolescent adversity contributes to impaired responding to safety cues.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)202-213
Number of pages12
JournalClinical Psychological Science
Volume2
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2014

Funding

The research reported was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants R01-MH65651 and R01-MH65652 to S. Mineka, R. Zinbarg, and M. G. Craske.

Keywords

  • Anxiety disorders
  • Childhood adversity
  • Safety signals
  • Startle

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Clinical Psychology

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Adversity in early and midadolescence is associated with elevated startle responses to safety cues in late adolescence'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this