TY - JOUR
T1 - An international dialogue about electric vehicle deployment to bring energy and greenhouse gas benefits through 2030 on a well-to-wheels basis
AU - Ehrenberger, Simone I.
AU - Dunn, Jennifer B.
AU - Jungemeier, Gerfried
AU - Wang, Huwe
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the United States Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and in the framework of the DLR project “Transport and Environment” (VEU, www.dlr.de/VEU). The authors also acknowledge Tom Stephens, Joann Zhou, Jarod Kelly, Hao Cai, Thathiana Benavides, Dan Santini, Amgad Elgowainy, Hao Cai, Linda Gaines, Michael Wang (all Argonne National Laboratory), David Howell (U.S. Department of Energy), Jens Brokate, Christoph Schimeczek, Dorothea Weber and Takeshi Teramoto (all German Aerospace Center) for their support with this research.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the United States Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and in the framework of the DLR project ?Transport and Environment? (VEU, www.dlr.de/VEU). The authors also acknowledge Tom Stephens, Joann Zhou, Jarod Kelly, Hao Cai, Thathiana Benavides, Dan Santini, Amgad Elgowainy, Hao Cai, Linda Gaines, Michael Wang (all Argonne National Laboratory), David Howell (U.S. Department of Energy), Jens Brokate, Christoph Schimeczek, Dorothea Weber and Takeshi Teramoto (all German Aerospace Center) for their support with this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2019/9
Y1 - 2019/9
N2 - In this paper, we aim to assess the potential influence of increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) on a well-to-wheel (WTW) basis in the four countries with highest passenger car sales (Germany, the United States, China, and Japan), and Norway which represents a highly renewable energy market on greenhouse gas emissions. To characterize these emissions, we define critical parameters regarding fleet composition, activity, efficiency and fuel production in each country. Overall, with today's technology at a national average level, on a per km driven basis, battery electric vehicles emit fewer greenhouse gases than conventional vehicles in all countries. Though vehicle energy consumption is similar in all countries, electricity production energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions per kWh electricity vary considerably, with Norway and China representing the low and high emitting endpoints, respectively. As electricity generation decarbonizes, EVs have the potential to be lower greenhouse-gas emitting than gasoline vehicles in all countries considered. The complexity of EV analysis across international boundaries, time periods, and environmental media complicates communication of EV benefits to stakeholders. Analysts must continue to address and clearly communicate the influence of EV and electricity production technology advancement into the future on EV impacts on all environmental media (air, water, land).
AB - In this paper, we aim to assess the potential influence of increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) on a well-to-wheel (WTW) basis in the four countries with highest passenger car sales (Germany, the United States, China, and Japan), and Norway which represents a highly renewable energy market on greenhouse gas emissions. To characterize these emissions, we define critical parameters regarding fleet composition, activity, efficiency and fuel production in each country. Overall, with today's technology at a national average level, on a per km driven basis, battery electric vehicles emit fewer greenhouse gases than conventional vehicles in all countries. Though vehicle energy consumption is similar in all countries, electricity production energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions per kWh electricity vary considerably, with Norway and China representing the low and high emitting endpoints, respectively. As electricity generation decarbonizes, EVs have the potential to be lower greenhouse-gas emitting than gasoline vehicles in all countries considered. The complexity of EV analysis across international boundaries, time periods, and environmental media complicates communication of EV benefits to stakeholders. Analysts must continue to address and clearly communicate the influence of EV and electricity production technology advancement into the future on EV impacts on all environmental media (air, water, land).
KW - Electric vehicles (EV)
KW - Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
KW - Market share
KW - Well-to-wheel analysis (WTW)
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U2 - 10.1016/j.trd.2019.07.027
DO - 10.1016/j.trd.2019.07.027
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85070496414
SN - 1361-9209
VL - 74
SP - 245
EP - 254
JO - Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
JF - Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
ER -
