Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole (OME) reduce the severity of gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but can also increase the chance of dysbiosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that preventive use of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHI) such as TPPU can decrease NSAID-induced ulcers by increasing anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Dose- [10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, by mouth (PO)] and time-dependent (6 and 18 hours) ulcerative effects of diclofenac sodium (DCF, an NSAID) were studied in the small intestine of Swiss Webster mice. Dose-dependent effects of TPPU (0.001-0.1 mg/kg per day for 7 days, in drinking water) were evaluated in DCF-induced intestinal toxicity and compared with OME (20 mg/kg, PO). In addition, the effect of treatment was studied on levels of Hb in blood, EETs in plasma, inflammatory markers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) in intestinal tissue homogenates, and tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum. DCF dose dependently induced ulcers that were associated with both a significant (P < 0.05) loss of Hb and an increase in the level of MPO and TNF-α, with severity of ulceration highest at 18 hours. Pretreatment with TPPU dose dependently prevented ulcer formation by DCF, increased the levels of epoxy fatty acids, including EETs, and TPPU's efficacy was comparable to OME. TPPU significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the effect of DCF on the level of Hb, MPO, and TNF-α. Thus sEHI might be useful in the management of NSAID-induced ulcers.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 529-536 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics |
| Volume | 357 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jun 1 2016 |
Funding
This study was partially funded by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [Grant R01 ES002710], NIEHS Superfund Research Program [Grant P42 ES004699], and the West Coast Central Comprehensive Metabolomics Center [Grant U24 DK097154] to B.D.H.; National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) [Grant R21 AR062866] to B.I.; and National Cancer Institute Grant [R01 CA172431 and R01 CA164041] to G.-Y.Y. The University of California holds patents on the sEH inhibitors used in this study as well as their use to treat inflammation. B. D. Hammock and Bora Inceoglu are cofounders of EicOsis LLC, a startup company developing sEH inhibitors for clinical use.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Molecular Medicine
- Pharmacology
