Abstract
Food allergy now affects 6%–8% of children in the Western world; despite this, we understand little about why certain people become sensitized to food allergens. The dominant form of food allergy is mediated by food-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. A central step in this immune response to food antigens that differentiates tolerance from allergy is the initial priming of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primarily different types of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs, along with monocyte and macrophage populations, dictate oral tolerance versus allergy by shaping the T cell and subsequent B cell antibody response. A growing body of literature has shed light on the conditions under which antigen presentation occurs and how different types of T cell responses are induced by different APCs. We will review APC subsets in the gut and discuss mechanisms of APC-induced oral tolerance versus allergy to food identified using mouse models and patient samples.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 616020 |
Journal | Frontiers in immunology |
Volume | 11 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 8 2021 |
Funding
This study was supported by Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE)-The Ira & Diana Riklis Family Research Award in Food Allergy (SE), a gift from the Colton Foundation (SE), R01 AI136942 (SE), the Sean N Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research (SE), 5T32AR007107 (EL), and NCATS Grant UL1TR001863 (EL). Yale University provides funds for open access publication in Frontiers.
Keywords
- Peyer’s patches
- dendritic cells
- food allergy
- gut
- macrophages
- mesenteric lymph node
- monocytes
- oral tolerance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology