TY - JOUR
T1 - Antitumor effect of 2-methoxyestradiol in a rat orthotopic brain tumor model
AU - Kang, Seung Hee
AU - Cho, Heidi T.
AU - Devi, Sarojini
AU - Zhang, Zhaobin
AU - Escuin, Daniel
AU - Liang, Zhongxing
AU - Mao, Hui
AU - Brat, Daniel J.
AU - Olson, Jeffrey J.
AU - Simons, Jonathan W.
AU - LaVallee, Theresa M.
AU - Giannakakou, Paraskevi
AU - Van Meir, Erwin G.
AU - Shim, Hyunsuk
PY - 2006/12/15
Y1 - 2006/12/15
N2 - Grade 4 malignant glioma (GBM) is a fatal disease despite aggressive surgical and adjuvant therapies. The hallmark of GBM tumors is the presence of pseudopalisading necrosis and microvascular proliferation. These tumor cells are hypoxic and express hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a prosurvival transcription factor that promotes formation of neovasculature through activation of target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Here, we evaluated whether 2-methoxyestradiol, a microtubule and HIF-1 inhibitor, would have therapeutic potential for this disease in a 9L rat orthotopic gliosarcoma model using a combination of noninvasive imaging methods: magnetic resonance imaging to measure the tumor volume and bioluminescence imaging for HIF-1 activity. After imaging, histologic data were subsequently evaluated to elucidate the drug action mechanism in vivo. Treatment with 2-methoxyestradiol (60-600 mg/kg/d) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. This effect was also associated with improved tumor oxygenation as assessed by pimonidazole staining, decreased HIF-1α protein levels, and microtubule destabilization as assessed by deacetylation. Our results indicate that 2-methoxyestradiol may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant gliomas, with significant growth inhibition. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of low or intermediate doses of 2-methoxyestradiol in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in clinical studies focused on malignant gliomas. In addition to showing tumor growth inhibition, we identified three potential surrogate biomarkers to determine the efficacy of 2-methoxyestradiol therapy: decreased HIF-1α levels, γ-tubulin acetylation, and degree of hypoxia as determined by pimonidazole staining.
AB - Grade 4 malignant glioma (GBM) is a fatal disease despite aggressive surgical and adjuvant therapies. The hallmark of GBM tumors is the presence of pseudopalisading necrosis and microvascular proliferation. These tumor cells are hypoxic and express hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a prosurvival transcription factor that promotes formation of neovasculature through activation of target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Here, we evaluated whether 2-methoxyestradiol, a microtubule and HIF-1 inhibitor, would have therapeutic potential for this disease in a 9L rat orthotopic gliosarcoma model using a combination of noninvasive imaging methods: magnetic resonance imaging to measure the tumor volume and bioluminescence imaging for HIF-1 activity. After imaging, histologic data were subsequently evaluated to elucidate the drug action mechanism in vivo. Treatment with 2-methoxyestradiol (60-600 mg/kg/d) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. This effect was also associated with improved tumor oxygenation as assessed by pimonidazole staining, decreased HIF-1α protein levels, and microtubule destabilization as assessed by deacetylation. Our results indicate that 2-methoxyestradiol may be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of malignant gliomas, with significant growth inhibition. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of low or intermediate doses of 2-methoxyestradiol in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in clinical studies focused on malignant gliomas. In addition to showing tumor growth inhibition, we identified three potential surrogate biomarkers to determine the efficacy of 2-methoxyestradiol therapy: decreased HIF-1α levels, γ-tubulin acetylation, and degree of hypoxia as determined by pimonidazole staining.
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U2 - 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1320
DO - 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1320
M3 - Article
C2 - 17178898
AN - SCOPUS:33846240027
VL - 66
SP - 11991
EP - 11997
JO - Journal of Cancer Research
JF - Journal of Cancer Research
SN - 0008-5472
IS - 24
ER -