Any way the wind blows: quantifying superbubbles and their outflows in simulated galaxies across z ≈ 0-3

Lori E. Porter; Matthew E. Orr; Blakesley Burkhart; Andrew Wetzel; Dušan Kereš; Claude André Faucher-Giguère; Philip F. Hopkins

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2576

Any way the wind blows: quantifying superbubbles and their outflows in simulated galaxies across z ≈ 0-3

Lori E. Porter^*, Matthew E. Orr, Blakesley Burkhart, Andrew Wetzel, Dušan Kereš, Claude André Faucher-Giguère, Philip F. Hopkins

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physics and Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

We present an investigation of clustered stellar feedback in the form of superbubbles identified within 11 galaxies from the FIRE-2 (Feedback in Realistic Environments) cosmological zoom-in simulation suite, at both cosmic noon (1 < z < 3) and in the local universe. We study the spatially resolved multiphase outflows that these supernovae drive, comparing our findings with recent theory and observations. These simulations consist of five Large Magellanic Cloud–mass galaxies and six Milky Way-mass progenitors (with a minimum baryonic particle mass of m_b.min = 7100 M). For all galaxies, we calculate the local and galaxy-averaged mass and energy-loading factors from the identified outflows. We also characterize the multiphase morphology and properties of the identified superbubbles, including the ‘shell’ of cool (T < 10⁵ K) gas and break out of energetic hot (T > 10⁵ K) gas when the shell bursts. We find that these simulations, regardless of redshift, have mass-loading factors and momentum fluxes in the cool gas that largely agree with recent observations. Lastly, we also investigate how methodological choices in measuring outflows can affect loading factors for galactic winds.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	3451-3469
Number of pages	19
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	535
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2576
State	Published - Dec 1 2024

Funding

We would like to thank Ulrich Steinwandel, Drummond Fielding, and the anonymous referee for useful conversations and comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We ran simulations using: XSEDE, supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant ACI-1548562; Blue Waters, supported by the NSF; Frontera allocations AST21010 and AST20016, supported by the NSF and Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC); Pleiades, via the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) High-End Computing (HEC) program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. LEP is thankful to the Flatiron Institute for continued financial support and resources. The Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation. BB is grateful for generous support by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. AW received support from NSF via CAREER award AST-2045928 and grant AST-2107772; NASA ATP grant 80NSSC20K0513. C-AF-G was supported by NSF through grants AST-2108230, AST-2307327, and CAREER award AST-1652522; by NASA through grants 17-ATP17-0067 and 21-ATP21-0036; and by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) through grants HST-GO-16730.016-A and JWST-AR-03252.001-A.

Keywords

galaxies: high-redshift
galaxies: ISM
galaxies: star formation
galaxies: starburst
ISM: bubbles
ISM: supernova remnants

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1093/mnras/stae2576

Cite this

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title = "Any way the wind blows: quantifying superbubbles and their outflows in simulated galaxies across z ≈ 0-3",

abstract = "We present an investigation of clustered stellar feedback in the form of superbubbles identified within 11 galaxies from the FIRE-2 (Feedback in Realistic Environments) cosmological zoom-in simulation suite, at both cosmic noon (1 < z < 3) and in the local universe. We study the spatially resolved multiphase outflows that these supernovae drive, comparing our findings with recent theory and observations. These simulations consist of five Large Magellanic Cloud–mass galaxies and six Milky Way-mass progenitors (with a minimum baryonic particle mass of mb.min = 7100 M). For all galaxies, we calculate the local and galaxy-averaged mass and energy-loading factors from the identified outflows. We also characterize the multiphase morphology and properties of the identified superbubbles, including the {\textquoteleft}shell{\textquoteright} of cool (T < 105 K) gas and break out of energetic hot (T > 105 K) gas when the shell bursts. We find that these simulations, regardless of redshift, have mass-loading factors and momentum fluxes in the cool gas that largely agree with recent observations. Lastly, we also investigate how methodological choices in measuring outflows can affect loading factors for galactic winds.",

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Any way the wind blows: quantifying superbubbles and their outflows in simulated galaxies across z ≈ 0-3

Abstract

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