Arabidopsis defense mutant ndr1-1 displays accelerated development and early flowering mediated by the hormone gibberellic acid

Nikhilesh Dhar; Dylan P.G. Short; Bullo Erena Mamo; Alex J. Corrion; Ching Man Wai; Amy Anchieta; Robert VanBuren; Brad Day; Husein Ajwa; Krishna V. Subbarao; Steven J. Klosterman

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.006

Arabidopsis defense mutant ndr1-1 displays accelerated development and early flowering mediated by the hormone gibberellic acid

Nikhilesh Dhar^*, Dylan P.G. Short, Bullo Erena Mamo, Alex J. Corrion, Ching Man Wai, Amy Anchieta, Robert VanBuren, Brad Day, Husein Ajwa, Krishna V. Subbarao, Steven J. Klosterman

^*Corresponding author for this work

Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Scopus citations

Abstract

NONRACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE (NDR1)is a widely characterized gene that plays a key role in defense against multiple bacterial, fungal, oomycete and nematode plant pathogens. NDR1 is required for activation of resistance by multiple NB and LRR-containing (NLR)protein immune sensors and contributes to basal defense. The role of NDR1 in positively regulating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant defense responses is well documented. However, ndr1-1 plants flower earlier and show accelerated development in comparison to wild type (WT)Arabidopsis plants, indicating that NDR1 is a negative regulator of flowering and growth. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA)further accelerates the early flowering phenotype in ndr1-1 plants, while the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol attenuated the early flowering phenotype of ndr1-1, but not to WT levels, suggesting partial resistance to paclobutrazol and enhanced GA response in ndr1-1 plants. Mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed that ndr1-1 plants have 30–40% higher levels of GA₃ and GA₄, while expression of various GA metabolic genes and major flowering regulatory genes is also altered in the ndr1-1 mutant. Taken together this study provides evidence of crosstalk between the ndr1-1-mediated defense and GA-regulated developmental programs in plants.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	200-213
Number of pages	14
Journal	Plant Science
Volume	285
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.006
State	Published - Aug 2019

Funding

The authors acknowledge assistance from Lorena Ochoa, Denise Soto, Sarah Ning, Rosa Marchebout, and Lorraine Landeros for their help with maintenance of plants and pathogens used and some plant data collection. We also thank Dr. Afiqur Khan for help with mass spectrometry analyses and Dr. Julie Caruna for carefully reading the manuscript as well as for helpful discussions and suggestions. Work in the laboratory of BD was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation ( IOS-1146128 ).

Keywords

Arabidopsis NDR1
Defense and development
Disease resistance
Flowering time
Gibberellic acid
Salicylic acid

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Genetics
Agronomy and Crop Science
Plant Science

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10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.006

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title = "Arabidopsis defense mutant ndr1-1 displays accelerated development and early flowering mediated by the hormone gibberellic acid",

abstract = "NONRACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE (NDR1)is a widely characterized gene that plays a key role in defense against multiple bacterial, fungal, oomycete and nematode plant pathogens. NDR1 is required for activation of resistance by multiple NB and LRR-containing (NLR)protein immune sensors and contributes to basal defense. The role of NDR1 in positively regulating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant defense responses is well documented. However, ndr1-1 plants flower earlier and show accelerated development in comparison to wild type (WT)Arabidopsis plants, indicating that NDR1 is a negative regulator of flowering and growth. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA)further accelerates the early flowering phenotype in ndr1-1 plants, while the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol attenuated the early flowering phenotype of ndr1-1, but not to WT levels, suggesting partial resistance to paclobutrazol and enhanced GA response in ndr1-1 plants. Mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed that ndr1-1 plants have 30–40% higher levels of GA3 and GA4, while expression of various GA metabolic genes and major flowering regulatory genes is also altered in the ndr1-1 mutant. Taken together this study provides evidence of crosstalk between the ndr1-1-mediated defense and GA-regulated developmental programs in plants.",

keywords = "Arabidopsis NDR1, Defense and development, Disease resistance, Flowering time, Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid",

author = "Nikhilesh Dhar and Short, {Dylan P.G.} and Mamo, {Bullo Erena} and Corrion, {Alex J.} and Wai, {Ching Man} and Amy Anchieta and Robert VanBuren and Brad Day and Husein Ajwa and Subbarao, {Krishna V.} and Klosterman, {Steven J.}",

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year = "2019",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.006",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "285",

pages = "200--213",

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AU - Dhar, Nikhilesh

AU - Short, Dylan P.G.

AU - Mamo, Bullo Erena

AU - Corrion, Alex J.

AU - Wai, Ching Man

AU - Anchieta, Amy

AU - VanBuren, Robert

AU - Day, Brad

AU - Ajwa, Husein

AU - Subbarao, Krishna V.

AU - Klosterman, Steven J.

PY - 2019/8

Y1 - 2019/8

N2 - NONRACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE (NDR1)is a widely characterized gene that plays a key role in defense against multiple bacterial, fungal, oomycete and nematode plant pathogens. NDR1 is required for activation of resistance by multiple NB and LRR-containing (NLR)protein immune sensors and contributes to basal defense. The role of NDR1 in positively regulating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant defense responses is well documented. However, ndr1-1 plants flower earlier and show accelerated development in comparison to wild type (WT)Arabidopsis plants, indicating that NDR1 is a negative regulator of flowering and growth. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA)further accelerates the early flowering phenotype in ndr1-1 plants, while the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol attenuated the early flowering phenotype of ndr1-1, but not to WT levels, suggesting partial resistance to paclobutrazol and enhanced GA response in ndr1-1 plants. Mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed that ndr1-1 plants have 30–40% higher levels of GA3 and GA4, while expression of various GA metabolic genes and major flowering regulatory genes is also altered in the ndr1-1 mutant. Taken together this study provides evidence of crosstalk between the ndr1-1-mediated defense and GA-regulated developmental programs in plants.

AB - NONRACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE (NDR1)is a widely characterized gene that plays a key role in defense against multiple bacterial, fungal, oomycete and nematode plant pathogens. NDR1 is required for activation of resistance by multiple NB and LRR-containing (NLR)protein immune sensors and contributes to basal defense. The role of NDR1 in positively regulating salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant defense responses is well documented. However, ndr1-1 plants flower earlier and show accelerated development in comparison to wild type (WT)Arabidopsis plants, indicating that NDR1 is a negative regulator of flowering and growth. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid (GA)further accelerates the early flowering phenotype in ndr1-1 plants, while the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol attenuated the early flowering phenotype of ndr1-1, but not to WT levels, suggesting partial resistance to paclobutrazol and enhanced GA response in ndr1-1 plants. Mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed that ndr1-1 plants have 30–40% higher levels of GA3 and GA4, while expression of various GA metabolic genes and major flowering regulatory genes is also altered in the ndr1-1 mutant. Taken together this study provides evidence of crosstalk between the ndr1-1-mediated defense and GA-regulated developmental programs in plants.

KW - Arabidopsis NDR1

KW - Defense and development

KW - Disease resistance

KW - Flowering time

KW - Gibberellic acid

KW - Salicylic acid

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JO - Plant Science

JF - Plant Science

ER -

Arabidopsis defense mutant ndr1-1 displays accelerated development and early flowering mediated by the hormone gibberellic acid

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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