TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between intergenerational violence exposure and maternal age of menopause
AU - Foster, Holly
AU - Hagan, John
AU - Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne
AU - Garcia, Jess
N1 - Funding Information:
Add Health is directed by Robert A. Hummer and funded by the National Institute on Aging cooperative agreements U01 AG071448 (Hummer) and U01 AG071450 (Aiello and Hummer) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Waves I-V data are from the Add Health Program Project, grant P01 HD31921 (Harris) from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Add Health was designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website ( http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth ). No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis. The Add Health Parent Study (AHPS) (2015-2017) data collection was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (RO1AG042794) to Duke University, V. Joseph Hotz (PI) and the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kathleen Mullan Harris (PI).
Funding Information:
Funding/support: The first author acknowledges funding for analyses through a Chancellor EDGES Fellowship and Office of Vice President of Research through PESCA funding at Texas A&M University. The first and second author acknowledges funding through NSF grant support #SES-2043192.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/3/14
Y1 - 2022/3/14
N2 - Objective:To investigate whether maternal violence exposure personally and through her child is associated with an earlier age of menopause, controlling for covariates.Methods:Analyses used merged data from two related sources. Although mothers (n = 1,466) were interviewed in 1995 and then 20 years later (2015-17), their children were interviewed in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health repeatedly (Waves 1-4, 1994/5 to 2008-2009). Mothers reported their own age of menopause, and mothers and adolescents each reported their own exposure to violence as children and adults.Results:A mother's own childhood physical abuse (b = -1.60, P < .05) and her child's sexual abuse (b = -1.39, P < .01) both were associated with an earlier age of menopause. Mothers who were physically abused in childhood and have a child who experienced regular sexual abuse reached menopause 8.78 years earlier than mothers without a history of personal abuse or abuse of their child.Conclusions:Our study is the first to find that age of natural menopause is associated with intergenerational violence exposures.
AB - Objective:To investigate whether maternal violence exposure personally and through her child is associated with an earlier age of menopause, controlling for covariates.Methods:Analyses used merged data from two related sources. Although mothers (n = 1,466) were interviewed in 1995 and then 20 years later (2015-17), their children were interviewed in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health repeatedly (Waves 1-4, 1994/5 to 2008-2009). Mothers reported their own age of menopause, and mothers and adolescents each reported their own exposure to violence as children and adults.Results:A mother's own childhood physical abuse (b = -1.60, P < .05) and her child's sexual abuse (b = -1.39, P < .01) both were associated with an earlier age of menopause. Mothers who were physically abused in childhood and have a child who experienced regular sexual abuse reached menopause 8.78 years earlier than mothers without a history of personal abuse or abuse of their child.Conclusions:Our study is the first to find that age of natural menopause is associated with intergenerational violence exposures.
KW - Child's physical and sexual abuse
KW - Intergenerational influences
KW - Menopausal timing
KW - Personal physical abuse
KW - Reproductive aging
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U2 - 10.1097/GME.0000000000001923
DO - 10.1097/GME.0000000000001923
M3 - Article
C2 - 35213516
AN - SCOPUS:85125552563
SN - 1072-3714
VL - 29
SP - 284
EP - 292
JO - Menopause
JF - Menopause
IS - 3
ER -
