TY - JOUR
T1 - Autophagic activation potentiates the antiproliferative effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in medullary thyroid cancer
AU - Lin, Chi Iou
AU - Whang, Edward E.
AU - Lorch, Jochen H.
AU - Ruan, Daniel T.
PY - 2012/12
Y1 - 2012/12
N2 - Background: We hypothesized that autophagy inhibition would enhance the anticancer efficacy of ret protooncogene-targeted therapy in medullary thyroid cancer. Methods: Medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 and TT cells were treated with sunitinib or sorafenib in the presence or absence of everolimus, trehalose, or small interfering RNA directed against autophagy protein 5. Results: Sunitinib and sorafenib each robustly induced light chain 3-II expression, indicating autophagy activation. Autophagy protein 5 silencing diminished the antiproliferative effects of sunitinib and sorafenib by 44% (P <.05) and 41% (P <.05), respectively, in medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 cells and by 43% (P <.01) and 39% (P <.05), respectively, in TT cells. In contrast, everolimus increased the antiproliferative effects of sunitinib and sorafenib by 24% (P <.01) and 27% (P <.01), respectively, in medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 cells and by 20% (P <.05) and 23% (P <.05), respectively, in TT cells. Trehalose increased the antiproliferative effects of sunitinib and sorafenib by 26% (P <.01) and 27% (P <.01), respectively, in medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 cells and by 28% (P <.05) and 29% (P <.05), respectively, in TT cells. Autophagy protein 5 silencing abrogated both everolimus- and trehalose-induced increases in tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy. Conclusion: Loss (gain) of autophagy diminishes (improves) the efficacy of sunitinib and sorafenib. Our findings suggest that autophagic activation should be combined with targeted ret protooncogene therapy for patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer.
AB - Background: We hypothesized that autophagy inhibition would enhance the anticancer efficacy of ret protooncogene-targeted therapy in medullary thyroid cancer. Methods: Medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 and TT cells were treated with sunitinib or sorafenib in the presence or absence of everolimus, trehalose, or small interfering RNA directed against autophagy protein 5. Results: Sunitinib and sorafenib each robustly induced light chain 3-II expression, indicating autophagy activation. Autophagy protein 5 silencing diminished the antiproliferative effects of sunitinib and sorafenib by 44% (P <.05) and 41% (P <.05), respectively, in medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 cells and by 43% (P <.01) and 39% (P <.05), respectively, in TT cells. In contrast, everolimus increased the antiproliferative effects of sunitinib and sorafenib by 24% (P <.01) and 27% (P <.01), respectively, in medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 cells and by 20% (P <.05) and 23% (P <.05), respectively, in TT cells. Trehalose increased the antiproliferative effects of sunitinib and sorafenib by 26% (P <.01) and 27% (P <.01), respectively, in medullary thyroid cancer-1.1 cells and by 28% (P <.05) and 29% (P <.05), respectively, in TT cells. Autophagy protein 5 silencing abrogated both everolimus- and trehalose-induced increases in tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy. Conclusion: Loss (gain) of autophagy diminishes (improves) the efficacy of sunitinib and sorafenib. Our findings suggest that autophagic activation should be combined with targeted ret protooncogene therapy for patients with advanced medullary thyroid cancer.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.surg.2012.08.016
DO - 10.1016/j.surg.2012.08.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 23158184
AN - SCOPUS:84869460494
SN - 0039-6060
VL - 152
SP - 1142
EP - 1149
JO - Surgery (United States)
JF - Surgery (United States)
IS - 6
ER -
