Abstract
The Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology met in September 2022. Participants included hepatologists, surgeons, pathologists, immunologists, and histocompatibility specialists. Presentations and discussions focused on the evaluation of long-term allograft health, including noninvasive and tissue monitoring, immunosuppression optimization, and long-term structural changes. Potential revision of the rejection classification scheme to better accommodate and communicate late T cell-mediated rejection patterns and related structural changes, such as nodular regenerative hyperplasia, were discussed. Improved stratification of long-term maintenance immunosuppression to match the heterogeneity of patient settings will be central to improving long-term patient survival. Such personalized therapeutics are in turn contingent on a better understanding and monitoring of allograft status within a rational decision-making approach, likely to be facilitated in implementation with emerging decision-support tools. Proposed revisions to rejection classification emerging from the meeting include the incorporation of interface hepatitis and fibrosis staging. These will be opened to online testing, modified accordingly, and subject to consensus discussion leading up to the next Banff conference.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 905-917 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | American Journal of Transplantation |
Volume | 24 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 2024 |
Funding
Annette Jackson reports financial support was provided by Hansa Biopharma AB. Annette Jackson reports equipment, drugs, or supplies was provided by CareDx Inc. Annette Jackson reports financial support was provided by One Lambda Inc. Josh Levitsky reports financial support was provided by eGenesis. Josh Levitsky reports financial support was provided by Eurofins Scientific SE. Josh Levitsky reports financial support was provided by Mallinckrodt. Josh Levitsky reports financial support was provided by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Richard Taubert reports equipment, drugs, or supplies was provided by OncoCyte Corporation. Richard Taubert reports equipment, drugs, or supplies was provided by Chronix Biomedical Inc. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. These are documented in planned biopsies of both pediatric and adult recipients, the former benefitting from a relative lack of recurrent disease to confound interpretation of such changes for cause. Putting aside early and potentially “technical” complications, such as anastomotic biliary strictures, the most prevalent documented parenchymal changes in clinically stable pediatric allografts have been fibrosis and interface hepatitis (IH).7 Progressive allograft fibrosis is preceded, accompanied, and predicted by IH,8 which is itself associated with mild aminotransferase flares and tissue transcriptomic signatures consistent with rejection.9 Serologic evidence of class II anti-Human Leucocyte antigen (HLA) donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and tissue demonstration of microvascular complement activation support a pathogenic role for antibody-mediated alloimmunity. 9-11 DSA can also recruit effector cells into the liver allograft, perhaps via complement-mediated allostimulatory effects on antigen-presenting cells,12 which may explain the RNA signature of T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) found in most patients with DSA in serum.9,13 This constellation of findings was recognized by the introduction of guidelines for the diagnosis of chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in the 2016 update of the Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology.14
Keywords
- Banff classification
- T cell-mediated rejection
- alloimmunity
- anatomy
- antibody-mediated rejection
- immunosuppression
- liver transplantation
- pathology
- protocol biopsy
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Transplantation
- Pharmacology (medical)