TY - JOUR
T1 - Best practices for the synthesis, activation, and characterization of metal−organic frameworks
AU - Howarth, Ashlee J.
AU - Peters, Aaron W.
AU - Vermeulen, Nicolaas A.
AU - Wang, Timothy C.
AU - Hupp, Joseph T.
AU - Farha, Omar K.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the DOE Separations and Analysis program and the Inorganometallic Catalyst Design Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (Awards DE-FG02-08ER15967 and DE-SC0012702, respectively) for support. A.J.H. thanks NSERC for a postdoctoral fellowship. A.W.P. acknowledges support from the Department of Defense (DoD) through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program. The authors would like to thank Paula Garcia Holley for providing NU-125 data, Dr. Amy A. Sarjeant for providing insightful information about MOF crystallography, and Dr. Diego A. Gomez-Gualdron for helpful discussion about the use of BET theory with MOFs.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2017/1/10
Y1 - 2017/1/10
N2 - Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are structurally diverse materials comprised of inorganic and organic components. As the rapidly expanding field of MOF research has demonstrated, these materials are being explored for a wide variety of potential applications. In this tutorial review, we give an overview of the current best practices associated with the synthesis, activation, and characterization of MOFs. Methods described include supercritical CO2 activation, single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, surface area calculations, aqueous stability tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). A variety of different MOFs are presented to aid in the discussion of relevant techniques. In addition, some sections are accompanied by instructional videos to give further insight into the techniques, including tips, tricks, and suggestions only those at the bench could describe.
AB - Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) are structurally diverse materials comprised of inorganic and organic components. As the rapidly expanding field of MOF research has demonstrated, these materials are being explored for a wide variety of potential applications. In this tutorial review, we give an overview of the current best practices associated with the synthesis, activation, and characterization of MOFs. Methods described include supercritical CO2 activation, single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, surface area calculations, aqueous stability tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). A variety of different MOFs are presented to aid in the discussion of relevant techniques. In addition, some sections are accompanied by instructional videos to give further insight into the techniques, including tips, tricks, and suggestions only those at the bench could describe.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02626
DO - 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b02626
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85017449659
SN - 0897-4756
VL - 29
SP - 26
EP - 39
JO - Chemistry of Materials
JF - Chemistry of Materials
IS - 1
ER -