Bimodal imaging using neodymium doped gadolinium fluoride nanocrystals with near-infrared to near-infrared downconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance properties

L. Christopher Mimun*, Gangadharan Ajithkumar, Madhab Pokhrel, Brian G. Yust, Zak G. Elliott, Francisco Pedraza, Ashish Dhanale, Liang Tang, Ai Ling Lin, Vinayak P. Dravid, Dhiraj K. Sardar

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

53 Scopus citations

Abstract

Here we report the synthesis, characterization and application of a multifunctional surface functionalized GdF3:Nd3+ nanophosphor that exhibits efficient near infrared (NIR) fluorescence as well as magnetic properties, which can be utilized for bimodal imaging in medical applications. The nanoparticles are small with an average size of 5 nm and form stable colloids that last for several weeks without settling, enabling the use for several biomedical and photonic applications. Their excellent NIR properties, such as nearly 11% quantum yield of the 1064 nm emission, make them ideal contrast agents and biomarkers for in vitro and in vivo NIR optical bioimaging. The nanophosphors which were coated with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadicene) (PMAO) were implemented in cellular imaging, showing no significant cellular toxicity for concentrations up to 200 μg ml -1. Furthermore, the incorporation of Gd into the nanocrystalline structure renders them with exceptional magnetic properties, making them ideal for use as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The utility of these NIR emitting nanoparticles in infrared bioimaging and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging was demonstrated by confocal imaging, magnetic resonance and tissue experiments.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)5702-5710
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Materials Chemistry B
Volume1
Issue number41
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 7 2013

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • General Materials Science

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