Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine acceptability of the Vaginal Changes Sexual and Body Esteem (VSBE) scale for women post childbirth and explore the association between childbirth events and sexual/body esteem. Design: This is a cross-sectional study within the Evaluating Maternal Recovery from Labor and Delivery study. Setting: This study was conducted in a community setting. Population: The study was conducted in women post first vaginal birth with birth events that posed risk factors for levator ani muscle tears. Methods: Survey, magnetic resonance images of levator ani, and physical examination were the data collected 8 months postpartum. Birth variables were collected by hospital chart review. Descriptive analysis of VSBE response rates and distribution of responses was conducted. An exploratory analysis of the potential association of demographic, birth, clinical, and magnetic resonance image characteristics with VSBE scores was conducted. Main outcome measures: The outcome measure used in this study is VSBE scale. Results: The majority of participants (97%) completed the scale, with responses to most questions skewed toward positive sexual/body esteem, with the exception of sexual enjoyment, where 38% indicated some interference due to genital changes. The scale showed high internal consistency (alpha =0.93). In the exploratory analysis of potential characteristics associated with VSBE, women with episiotomies had lower sexual/body esteem compared to those who did not (median VSBE scores 35 vs 42.5, P=0.01). Anal sphincter tear was not associated with sexual/body esteem (P=0.78). Additional study is indicated to further explore observed trends toward the association of severe levator ani tear, maternal age at childbirth, and forceps with VSBE scores. Conclusion: The VSBE is suitable for use to assess sexual/body esteem in women post childbirth. Most women in this sample did not indicate negative genital body image/sexual esteem. However, some indicated that the changes post birth negatively affected their sexual/body esteem, particularly those who had episiotomies.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 189-198 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | International Journal of Women's Health |
| Volume | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Apr 13 2017 |
Funding
The EMRLD study is grant-supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the Office for Research on Women’s Health Specialized Center of Research (SCOR) on Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Women’s Health and National Institute on Child and Human Development (grant #P50 HD044406 002) and the National Institute on Child and Human Development (grant #R21 HD049818). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or its institutes. The sponsor had no involvement in study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing of the report, or decision to submit the article for publication.
Keywords
- Childbirth
- Episiotomy
- Genital cosmetic surgery
- Kegel muscle
- Pelvic floor disorders
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Scale development
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Maternity and Midwifery