Body-Interfaced Chemical Sensors for Noninvasive Monitoring and Analysis of Biofluids

Body-interfaced sensors have received tremendous attention due to a broad and diverse collection of potential applications, from monitoring of health status to managing and preventing disease conditions. In this review article, we highlight the emerging sensing modalities and advanced materials/device designs in body-integrated flexible platforms capable of capturing and analyzing biofluids. In particular, we discuss different chemical sensors and biosensors for real-time noninvasive monitoring and analysis of metabolites and electrolytes in sweat, tears, saliva, and interstitial fluid. Finally, we show several techniques that could be integrated with body-interfaced sensors for data acquisition, signal processing, display, and communication.