TY - JOUR
T1 - Breast cancer and immunology
T2 - Biomarker and therapeutic developments
AU - Santa-Maria, Cesar A.
AU - Park, Sue Jung
AU - Jain, Sarika
AU - Gradishar, William J.
PY - 2015/10/3
Y1 - 2015/10/3
N2 - While breast cancer has not historically been considered an immunogenic cancer, recent data demonstrating the powerful anti-cancer effects of immune checkpoints in many cancers, including breast cancer, has reinvigorated the field. Although the responses are generally low with single agents, some patients experience disease control for a long period of time. Selecting appropriate patients for immunotherapy is an important area of research, and many biomarkers are under investigation. Although immunotherapies are still in their early stages of development, learning how to use them in combination with other agents that can alter antigen presentation or other immune elements will be crucial. This review aims to summarize efforts in immune-related biomarker and drug development, particularly as it pertains to breast cancer.
AB - While breast cancer has not historically been considered an immunogenic cancer, recent data demonstrating the powerful anti-cancer effects of immune checkpoints in many cancers, including breast cancer, has reinvigorated the field. Although the responses are generally low with single agents, some patients experience disease control for a long period of time. Selecting appropriate patients for immunotherapy is an important area of research, and many biomarkers are under investigation. Although immunotherapies are still in their early stages of development, learning how to use them in combination with other agents that can alter antigen presentation or other immune elements will be crucial. This review aims to summarize efforts in immune-related biomarker and drug development, particularly as it pertains to breast cancer.
KW - biomarkers
KW - breast cancer
KW - checkpoint inhibitors
KW - drug development
KW - immunotherapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84942552802&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84942552802&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1586/14737140.2015.1086270
DO - 10.1586/14737140.2015.1086270
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26358181
AN - SCOPUS:84942552802
SN - 1473-7140
VL - 15
SP - 1215
EP - 1222
JO - Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
JF - Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
IS - 10
ER -