TY - JOUR
T1 - Cellular level brain imaging in behaving mammals
T2 - An engineering approach
AU - Hamel, Elizabeth J.O.
AU - Grewe, Benjamin F.
AU - Parker, Jones Griffith
AU - Schnitzer, Mark J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank B. Ahanonu, M.C. Larkin, Y.Gong, and L.J. Kitch for helpful discussions, D. Dombeck, M.C. Larkin, K. Ghosh, Y. Gong, and Inscopix Inc. for providing figure materials, and J. Marshall, L.J. Kitch, M.C. Larkin, Y. Gong, and J. Lecoq for comments on the manuscript. E.J.O.H. acknowledges the support of a Stanford Graduate Fellowship and the Center for Biomedical Imaging at Stanford. M.J.S. acknowledges research support from NIBIB, NIDA, NINDS, NIMH, NSF, DARPA, the Ellison Foundation, and the Center for Biomedical Imaging at Stanford. M.J.S. is a co-founder and consults scientifically for Inscopix Inc., which has commercialized the miniature integrated microscope technology of Figure 4.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Inc.
Copyright:
Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/4/8
Y1 - 2015/4/8
N2 - Fluorescence imaging offers expanding capabilities for recording neural dynamics in behaving mammals, including the means to monitor hundreds of cells targeted by genetic type or connectivity, track cells over weeks, densely sample neurons within local microcircuits, study cells too inactive to isolate in extracellular electrical recordings, and visualize activity in dendrites, axons, or dendritic spines. We discuss recent progress and future directions for imaging in behaving mammals from a systems engineering perspective, which seeks holistic consideration of fluorescent indicators, optical instrumentation, and computational analyses. Today, genetically encoded indicators of neural Ca2+ dynamics are widely used, and those of trans-membrane voltage are rapidly improving. Two complementary imaging paradigms involve conventional microscopes for studying head-restrained animals and head-mounted miniature microscopes for imaging in freely behaving animals. Overall, the field has attained sufficient sophistication that increased cooperation between those designing new indicators, light sources, microscopes, and computational analyses would greatly benefit future progress.
AB - Fluorescence imaging offers expanding capabilities for recording neural dynamics in behaving mammals, including the means to monitor hundreds of cells targeted by genetic type or connectivity, track cells over weeks, densely sample neurons within local microcircuits, study cells too inactive to isolate in extracellular electrical recordings, and visualize activity in dendrites, axons, or dendritic spines. We discuss recent progress and future directions for imaging in behaving mammals from a systems engineering perspective, which seeks holistic consideration of fluorescent indicators, optical instrumentation, and computational analyses. Today, genetically encoded indicators of neural Ca2+ dynamics are widely used, and those of trans-membrane voltage are rapidly improving. Two complementary imaging paradigms involve conventional microscopes for studying head-restrained animals and head-mounted miniature microscopes for imaging in freely behaving animals. Overall, the field has attained sufficient sophistication that increased cooperation between those designing new indicators, light sources, microscopes, and computational analyses would greatly benefit future progress.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84930335595&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84930335595&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.055
DO - 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.055
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25856491
AN - SCOPUS:84930335595
VL - 86
SP - 140
EP - 159
JO - Neuron
JF - Neuron
SN - 0896-6273
IS - 1
ER -