Central venous access in children: Indications, devices, and risks

Guillermo Ares, Catherine J. Hunter*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

73 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose of review Central venous catheters (CVCs) have a prominent role in the diagnostic and therapy of neonates and children. Herein, we describe the multiple indications for CVC use and the different devices available for central venous access. Given the prevalent use of CVCs, healthcare systems are focused on reducing complications from their use, particularly central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). The most up-to-date information available sheds light on best practices and future areas of investigation. Recent findings Large systematic reviews of randomized trials suggest that ultrasound guidance for placement of CVCs in children is safer than using blind technique, at least for internal jugular vein access. Appropriate catheter tip placement is associated with decreased complications. Furthermore, the prophylactic use of ethanol lock between cycles of parenteral nutrition administration has reduced the rates of CLABSI. A recent randomized trial in pediatric CVCs showed a benefit with antibiotic-coated CVCs. Summary Based on the available evidence, multiple techniques for CVC placement are still valid, including the landmark technique based on practitioner experience, but ultrasound guidance has been shown to decrease complications from line placement. Adherence to CVC care protocols is essential in reducing infectious complications.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)340-346
Number of pages7
JournalCurrent opinion in pediatrics
Volume29
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 1 2017

Keywords

  • catheter-related complications
  • central line-associated bloodstream infections
  • central venous catheters
  • pediatric

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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