Cerebral arteriovenous malformation

This chapter describes the investigations, premedication, intravenous access and monitors of the cerebral arteriovenous malformation. It also describes the induction, intravenous fluids, reversal or elective mechanical ventilation and postoperative analgesia of the cerebral arteriovenous malformation. The chapter discusses the goals of anesthesia to maintain hemodynamic stability and cerebral perfusion pressure, to avoid increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) and to facilitate smooth and rapid emergence. It focuses on the drugs like indocyanine green, phenylephrine boluses and antihypertensive medications. The chapter explains the intraoperative concerns like rapid blood loss, hemodynamic instability and brain bulge. It also discusses the electrocardiogram (ECG), noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse oximetry, end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2), invasive blood pressure, urine output, temperature and neuromuscular blockade monitor. The chapter also explains the postoperative concerns like need for neurological examination, hyperemic complications, including cerebral hemorrhage and edema, electrolyte disturbances, anemia, seizures, and infarct.