Abstract
Disruption of the early stages of information processing in limbic brain circuits may underlie symptoms of severe neuropsychiatric disorders. Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI) is diminished in many of these disorders and may reflect the disruption of this CNS function. PPI is associated with brain activity in many of the same regions in humans as it is in laboratory animals, suggesting that neuroimaging studies in humans may help localize deficits that can then be elucidated in animal models. In this article, we employed a rapid presentation event-related design during continuous EPI BOLD scanning to examine hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) associated with PPI. Fourteen healthy participants listened to 100 pulse alone and 100 prepulse combined with pulse (prepulse-pulse) trials. PPI is the normalized difference in the startle response to the two trial types. Following the prepulse-pulse trials, the amplitudes of the HRFs in auditory cortices and in the anterior insula were increased, while in the cerebellum, thalamus and anterior cingulate, they were decreased, relative to the pulse alone trials. In addition, the timing of the prepulse-pulse responses was delayed in the auditory cortices, anterior insula and cerebellum. Finally, PPI measured outside the scanner was predicted by the difference in BOLD responses between trial types in the anterior insula and in the cerebellum. The results suggest that prepulse inhibition, and by extension early stages of information processing, modulate both the amplitude as well as timing of neural activity.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1375-1384 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Neuroimage |
Volume | 32 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2006 |
Funding
The authors would like to acknowledge the technical expertise and assistance of Robert Lyons, William Beith, Richard Mattioli and Douglas Ward; the advice and support of Drs., Leo Towle, Jeremy Skipper, Sarah Keedy, Roland Erwin, David Levin, Donald Hedeker, Robert Gibbons and Wen-Ming Luh; and the financial support of the Brain Research Foundation at the University of Chicago, and the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders for an Independent Investigator Award (MBG).
Keywords
- Auditory
- Event related
- Functional imaging
- Mental Illness
- Prepulse inhibition
- Sensorimotor gating
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Neurology
- Cognitive Neuroscience