Characteristics of opioid prescriptions to veterans with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders dually enrolled in the department of Veterans affairs and medicare part D

Salva N. Balbale*, Lishan Cao, Itishree Trivedi, Jonah J. Stulberg*, Katie J. Suda, Walid F. Gellad, Charlesnika T. Evans*, Bruce L. Lambert, Laurie A. Keefer, Neil Jordan*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and disorders affect an increasingly large group of veterans. Opioid use may be rising in this population, but this is concerning from a patient safety perspective, given the risk of dependence and lack of evidence supporting opioid use to manage chronic pain. We examined the characteristics of opioid prescriptions and factors associated with chronic opioid use among chronic GI patients dually enrolled in the DVA and Medicare Part D. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used linked, national patient-level data (from April 1, 2011, to December 31, 2014) from the VA and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to identify chronic GI patients and observe opioid use. Veterans who had a chronic GI symptom or disorder were dually enrolled in VA and Part D and received ≥1 opioid prescription dispensed through the VA, Part D, or both. Chronic GI symptoms and disorders included chronic abdominal pain, chronic pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and functional GI disorders. Key outcome measures were outpatient opioid prescription dispensing overall and chronic opioid use, defined as ≥90 consecutive days of opioid receipt over 12 months. We described patient characteristics and opioid use measures using descriptive statistics. Using multiple logistic regression modeling, we generated adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs to determine variables independently associated with chronic opioid use. The final model included variables outlined in the literature and our conceptual framework. Results: We identified 141,805 veterans who had a chronic GI symptom or disorder, were dually enrolled in VA and Part D, and received ≥1 opioid prescription dispensed from the VA, Part D, or both. Twenty-six percent received opioids from the VA only, 69% received opioids from Medicare Part D only, and 5% were "dual users,"receiving opioids through both VA and Part D. Compared to veterans who received opioids from the VA or Part D only, dual users had a greater likelihood of potentially unsafe opioid use outcomes, including greater number of days on opioids, higher daily doses, and higher odds of chronic use. Conclusions: Chronic GI patients in the VA may be frequent users of opioids and may have a unique set of risk factors for unsafe opioid use. Careful monitoring of opioid use among chronic GI patients may help to begin risk stratifying this group. and develop tailored approaches to minimize chronic use. The findings underscore potential nuances within the opioid epidemic and suggest that components of the VA's Opioid Safety Initiative may need to be adapted around veterans at a higher risk of opioid-related adverse events.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)943-950
Number of pages8
JournalMilitary medicine
Volume186
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 1 2021

Funding

This study was conducted while S.N.B. was a National Research Service Award pre-doctoral fellow under an institutional award from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), T32DK101363 (PI: Pandolfino). Additionally, this work was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research & Development (grant I01 HX001765-01). Support for VA-Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data is provided by VA, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research & Development, Health Services Research & Development, and VA Information Resource Center (SDR 02-237 and 98-004).

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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