TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemically controlled pattern formation in self-oscillating elastic shells
AU - Li, Siyu
AU - Matoz-Fernandez, Daniel A.
AU - Aggarwal, Aaveg
AU - de la Cruz, Monica Olvera
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Award DE-FG02-08ER46539 and the Sherman Fairchild Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3/9
Y1 - 2021/3/9
N2 - Patterns and morphology develop in living systems such as embryos in response to chemical signals. To understand and exploit the interplay of chemical reactions with mechanical transformations, chemomechanical polymer systems have been synthesized by attaching chemicals into hydrogels. In this work, we design autonomous responsive elastic shells that undergo morphological changes induced by chemical reactions. We couple the local mechanical response of the gel with the chemical processes on the shell. This causes swelling and deswelling of the gel, generating diverse morphological changes, including periodic oscillations. We further introduce a mechanical instability and observe buckling–unbuckling dynamics with a response time delay. Moreover, we investigate the mechanical feedback on the chemical reaction and demonstrate the dynamic patterns triggered by an initial deformation. We show the chemical characteristics that account for the shell morphology and discuss the future designs for autonomous responsive materials.
AB - Patterns and morphology develop in living systems such as embryos in response to chemical signals. To understand and exploit the interplay of chemical reactions with mechanical transformations, chemomechanical polymer systems have been synthesized by attaching chemicals into hydrogels. In this work, we design autonomous responsive elastic shells that undergo morphological changes induced by chemical reactions. We couple the local mechanical response of the gel with the chemical processes on the shell. This causes swelling and deswelling of the gel, generating diverse morphological changes, including periodic oscillations. We further introduce a mechanical instability and observe buckling–unbuckling dynamics with a response time delay. Moreover, we investigate the mechanical feedback on the chemical reaction and demonstrate the dynamic patterns triggered by an initial deformation. We show the chemical characteristics that account for the shell morphology and discuss the future designs for autonomous responsive materials.
KW - Active solids
KW - Mechanochemical coupling
KW - Surface mechanics
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.2025717118
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2025717118
M3 - Article
C2 - 33649242
AN - SCOPUS:85102224193
VL - 118
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
SN - 0027-8424
IS - 10
M1 - e2025717118
ER -