Childhood obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review of the science.

Childhood obesity has been connected to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis (Klish, 1998). Both genetic and environmental influences play a role in the development of obesity. Prevention of obesity in childhood is the best chance of instituting lifestyle change for the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Children at high risk for obesity-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) should receive family-based individualized treatment. Nurse practitioners practicing in the primary care setting are in an ideal position to address children and families with regard to lifestyle modification of diet and exercise.