Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production

S. Feldman; R. Kasjanski; J. Poposki; D. Hernandez; J. N. Chen; J. E. Norton; L. Suh; R. G. Carter; W. W. Stevens; A. T. Peters; R. C. Kern; D. B. Conley; B. K. Tan; S. Shintani-Smith; K. C. Welch; L. C. Grammer; K. E. Harris; A. Kato; R. P. Schleimer; K. E. Hulse

doi:10.1111/cea.12878

Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production

S. Feldman, R. Kasjanski, J. Poposki, D. Hernandez, J. N. Chen, J. E. Norton, L. Suh, R. G. Carter, W. W. Stevens, A. T. Peters, R. C. Kern, D. B. Conley, B. K. Tan, S. Shintani-Smith, K. C. Welch, L. C. Grammer, K. E. Harris, A. Kato, R. P. Schleimer, K. E. Hulse^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: B cells play many roles in health and disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive B cell responses in the airways, especially in humans. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the upper airways that affects 10% of Europeans and Americans. A subset of CRS patients develop nasal polyps (NPs), which are characterized by type 2 inflammation, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). We have reported that NP contain elevated levels of B cells and antibodies, making NP an ideal system for studying B cells in the airways. Objective: We sought to determine the mechanisms that drive B cell activation and antibody production during chronic airway inflammation. Methods: We analysed B cells from NP or tonsil, or after ILC2 coculture, by flow cytometry. Antibody production from tissue was measured using Luminex assays and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells by ELISpot. Formation of B cell clusters was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes associated with B cell activation and class switch recombination was measured by qRT-PCR. Results: NP contained significantly elevated frequencies of plasmablasts, especially those that expressed the extrafollicular marker Epstein–Barr virus-induced protein 2 (EBI2), but significantly fewer germinal centre (GC) B cells compared with tonsil. Antibody production and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells were significantly elevated in NP, and there was evidence for local class switch recombination in NP. Finally, ILC2s directly induced EBI2 expression on B cells in vitro. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Our data suggest there is a unique B cell activation environment within NP that is distinct from classic GC-mediated mechanisms. We show for the first time that ILC2s directly induce EBI2 expression on B cells, indicating that ILC2s may play an important role in B cell responses. B cell-targeted therapies may provide new treatment options for CRSwNP.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	457-466
Number of pages	10
Journal	Clinical and Experimental Allergy
Volume	47
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12878
State	Published - Apr 1 2017

Keywords

B cells
ENT
IgE
lymphocytes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Immunology and Allergy
Immunology

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10.1111/cea.12878

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Feldman, S., Kasjanski, R., Poposki, J., Hernandez, D., Chen, J. N., Norton, J. E., Suh, L., Carter, R. G., Stevens, W. W., Peters, A. T., Kern, R. C., Conley, D. B., Tan, B. K., Shintani-Smith, S., Welch, K. C., Grammer, L. C., Harris, K. E., Kato, A., Schleimer, R. P., & Hulse, K. E. (2017). Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 47(4), 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12878

Feldman, S. ; Kasjanski, R. ; Poposki, J. ; Hernandez, D. ; Chen, J. N. ; Norton, J. E. ; Suh, L. ; Carter, R. G. ; Stevens, W. W. ; Peters, A. T. ; Kern, R. C. ; Conley, D. B. ; Tan, B. K. ; Shintani-Smith, S. ; Welch, K. C. ; Grammer, L. C. ; Harris, K. E. ; Kato, A. ; Schleimer, R. P. ; Hulse, K. E. / Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production. In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 2017 ; Vol. 47, No. 4. pp. 457-466.

@article{bd160df1884a45d4ad1164f1faad3c17,

title = "Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production",

abstract = "Background: B cells play many roles in health and disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive B cell responses in the airways, especially in humans. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the upper airways that affects 10% of Europeans and Americans. A subset of CRS patients develop nasal polyps (NPs), which are characterized by type 2 inflammation, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). We have reported that NP contain elevated levels of B cells and antibodies, making NP an ideal system for studying B cells in the airways. Objective: We sought to determine the mechanisms that drive B cell activation and antibody production during chronic airway inflammation. Methods: We analysed B cells from NP or tonsil, or after ILC2 coculture, by flow cytometry. Antibody production from tissue was measured using Luminex assays and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells by ELISpot. Formation of B cell clusters was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes associated with B cell activation and class switch recombination was measured by qRT-PCR. Results: NP contained significantly elevated frequencies of plasmablasts, especially those that expressed the extrafollicular marker Epstein–Barr virus-induced protein 2 (EBI2), but significantly fewer germinal centre (GC) B cells compared with tonsil. Antibody production and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells were significantly elevated in NP, and there was evidence for local class switch recombination in NP. Finally, ILC2s directly induced EBI2 expression on B cells in vitro. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Our data suggest there is a unique B cell activation environment within NP that is distinct from classic GC-mediated mechanisms. We show for the first time that ILC2s directly induce EBI2 expression on B cells, indicating that ILC2s may play an important role in B cell responses. B cell-targeted therapies may provide new treatment options for CRSwNP.",

keywords = "B cells, ENT, IgE, lymphocytes",

author = "S. Feldman and R. Kasjanski and J. Poposki and D. Hernandez and Chen, {J. N.} and Norton, {J. E.} and L. Suh and Carter, {R. G.} and Stevens, {W. W.} and Peters, {A. T.} and Kern, {R. C.} and Conley, {D. B.} and Tan, {B. K.} and S. Shintani-Smith and Welch, {K. C.} and Grammer, {L. C.} and Harris, {K. E.} and A. Kato and Schleimer, {R. P.} and Hulse, {K. E.}",

note = "Funding Information: NIH Grants: K12 HD055884, R37 HL068546, U19 AI106683, RO1 HL078860, R01 AI072570, R01 AI104733, and the Ernest S. Bazley Trust.",

year = "2017",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1111/cea.12878",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "47",

pages = "457--466",

journal = "Clinical and Experimental Allergy",

issn = "0954-7894",

publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

number = "4",

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Feldman, S, Kasjanski, R, Poposki, J, Hernandez, D, Chen, JN, Norton, JE, Suh, L, Carter, RG, Stevens, WW , Peters, AT , Kern, RC , Conley, DB , Tan, BK , Shintani-Smith, S , Welch, KC , Grammer, LC, Harris, KE, Kato, A , Schleimer, RP & Hulse, KE 2017, 'Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production', Clinical and Experimental Allergy, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1111/cea.12878

Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production. / Feldman, S.; Kasjanski, R.; Poposki, J.; Hernandez, D.; Chen, J. N.; Norton, J. E.; Suh, L.; Carter, R. G.; Stevens, W. W.; Peters, A. T.; Kern, R. C.; Conley, D. B.; Tan, B. K.; Shintani-Smith, S.; Welch, K. C.; Grammer, L. C.; Harris, K. E.; Kato, A.; Schleimer, R. P.; Hulse, K. E.

In: Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Vol. 47, No. 4, 01.04.2017, p. 457-466.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Chronic airway inflammation provides a unique environment for B cell activation and antibody production

AU - Feldman, S.

AU - Kasjanski, R.

AU - Poposki, J.

AU - Hernandez, D.

AU - Chen, J. N.

AU - Norton, J. E.

AU - Suh, L.

AU - Carter, R. G.

AU - Stevens, W. W.

AU - Peters, A. T.

AU - Kern, R. C.

AU - Conley, D. B.

AU - Tan, B. K.

AU - Shintani-Smith, S.

AU - Welch, K. C.

AU - Grammer, L. C.

AU - Harris, K. E.

AU - Kato, A.

AU - Schleimer, R. P.

AU - Hulse, K. E.

N1 - Funding Information: NIH Grants: K12 HD055884, R37 HL068546, U19 AI106683, RO1 HL078860, R01 AI072570, R01 AI104733, and the Ernest S. Bazley Trust.

PY - 2017/4/1

Y1 - 2017/4/1

N2 - Background: B cells play many roles in health and disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive B cell responses in the airways, especially in humans. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the upper airways that affects 10% of Europeans and Americans. A subset of CRS patients develop nasal polyps (NPs), which are characterized by type 2 inflammation, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). We have reported that NP contain elevated levels of B cells and antibodies, making NP an ideal system for studying B cells in the airways. Objective: We sought to determine the mechanisms that drive B cell activation and antibody production during chronic airway inflammation. Methods: We analysed B cells from NP or tonsil, or after ILC2 coculture, by flow cytometry. Antibody production from tissue was measured using Luminex assays and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells by ELISpot. Formation of B cell clusters was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes associated with B cell activation and class switch recombination was measured by qRT-PCR. Results: NP contained significantly elevated frequencies of plasmablasts, especially those that expressed the extrafollicular marker Epstein–Barr virus-induced protein 2 (EBI2), but significantly fewer germinal centre (GC) B cells compared with tonsil. Antibody production and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells were significantly elevated in NP, and there was evidence for local class switch recombination in NP. Finally, ILC2s directly induced EBI2 expression on B cells in vitro. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Our data suggest there is a unique B cell activation environment within NP that is distinct from classic GC-mediated mechanisms. We show for the first time that ILC2s directly induce EBI2 expression on B cells, indicating that ILC2s may play an important role in B cell responses. B cell-targeted therapies may provide new treatment options for CRSwNP.

AB - Background: B cells play many roles in health and disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive B cell responses in the airways, especially in humans. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the upper airways that affects 10% of Europeans and Americans. A subset of CRS patients develop nasal polyps (NPs), which are characterized by type 2 inflammation, eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). We have reported that NP contain elevated levels of B cells and antibodies, making NP an ideal system for studying B cells in the airways. Objective: We sought to determine the mechanisms that drive B cell activation and antibody production during chronic airway inflammation. Methods: We analysed B cells from NP or tonsil, or after ILC2 coculture, by flow cytometry. Antibody production from tissue was measured using Luminex assays and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells by ELISpot. Formation of B cell clusters was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Expression of genes associated with B cell activation and class switch recombination was measured by qRT-PCR. Results: NP contained significantly elevated frequencies of plasmablasts, especially those that expressed the extrafollicular marker Epstein–Barr virus-induced protein 2 (EBI2), but significantly fewer germinal centre (GC) B cells compared with tonsil. Antibody production and the frequency of antibody-secreting cells were significantly elevated in NP, and there was evidence for local class switch recombination in NP. Finally, ILC2s directly induced EBI2 expression on B cells in vitro. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Our data suggest there is a unique B cell activation environment within NP that is distinct from classic GC-mediated mechanisms. We show for the first time that ILC2s directly induce EBI2 expression on B cells, indicating that ILC2s may play an important role in B cell responses. B cell-targeted therapies may provide new treatment options for CRSwNP.

KW - B cells

KW - ENT

KW - IgE

KW - lymphocytes

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