Chronic endometritis in women with recurrent early pregnancy loss and/or fetal demise

Objective To assess the prevalence of chronic endometritis in women with a history of recurrent early pregnancy loss (REPL) and/or fetal demise (FD). Design Observational cohort study using prospectively collected data. Setting Recurrent pregnancy loss program in an academic medical center. Patient(s) Three hundred ninety-five women with a history of two or more pregnancy losses of less than 10 weeks' size or a fetal demise of 10 or more weeks' size. Intervention(s) All women had an endometrial biopsy. Chronic endometritis was treated with antibiotics, and a second endometrial biopsy was recommended as a "test of cure." Main Outcome Measure(s) Subsequent live-birth rate (LBR). Result(s) The overall prevalence of chronic endometritis was 9% (35/395) in this cohort; 7% (21/285) in the REPL group, 14% (8/57) in the FD group, and 11% (6/53) in the combined REPL/FD group. The cure rate was 100% after a course(s) of antibiotics. The subsequent cumulative LBR was 88% (21/24) for the treated chronic endometritis group versus 74% (180/244) for the group without chronic endometritis. The per-pregnancy LBR for the treated chronic endometritis group was 7% (7/98) before treatment versus 56% (28/50) after treatment. Conclusion(s) There was a high prevalence of chronic endometritis in this cohort. The test of cure was 100% with antibiotics. Subsequent LBRs after treatment were encouraging.