Circulating, soluble adhesion proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis: Correlation with clinical activity

Soluble adhesion protein intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (E‐selectin) were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in remission and in exacerbation, as well as patients with chronic progressive MS, stable MS, and in patients with other neurological and inflammatory diseases (ONDs). Serum ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin were significantly elevated in patients with MS over those with ONDs and controls. CSF VCAM‐1 and E‐selectin were found to be elevated over control and disease control samples. No increase in CSF ICAM‐1 was observed. Results were analyzed longitudinally and by MS category. In paired CSF and serum samples from patients in exacerbation, elevated VCAM‐1 correlated with increased serum VCAM‐1 in 5 of 7 patients. Elevated CSF E‐selectin did not correlate with elevations in serum E‐selectin.