TY - JOUR
T1 - Concordance and synchrony in measures of anxiety and panic reconsidered
T2 - A hierarchical model of anxiety and panic
AU - Zinbarg, Richard E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Preparation of this article was supported by a Shannon Award (1 R55 MH/OD53425-01A1) from the National Institutes of Mental Health to Richard E. Zinbarg. I thank David H. Barlow, Richard J. McNally, Susan Mineka, Jan Mohlman, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Richard Zinbarg, Psychology Department, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227; e-mail: rzin@oregon. uoregon.edu Copyright 1998 by Association for Advancemento f Behavior Therapy All fights of reproduction in any form reserved.
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - Based on the observation of low to moderate correlations among multiple measures of anxiety or panic, Lang (1968, 1978, 1979) and Rachman (1978a, 1978b, 1990) developed the three-systems model that rejects the notion of anxiety or panic as unitary latent constructs. This model is critically reviewed with an emphasis on discussing its implications for intervention, methodology, and theory. An alternative conceptualization, the hierarchical model of anxiety and panic, is offered in which anxiety and panic are seen as unitary latent constructs at a higher level of a hierarchical structure that coexist with several separable response systems at a lower level of the hierarchy. The hierarchical model retains many of the strengths of the three- systems model while overcoming many of the limitations of the three-systems model.
AB - Based on the observation of low to moderate correlations among multiple measures of anxiety or panic, Lang (1968, 1978, 1979) and Rachman (1978a, 1978b, 1990) developed the three-systems model that rejects the notion of anxiety or panic as unitary latent constructs. This model is critically reviewed with an emphasis on discussing its implications for intervention, methodology, and theory. An alternative conceptualization, the hierarchical model of anxiety and panic, is offered in which anxiety and panic are seen as unitary latent constructs at a higher level of a hierarchical structure that coexist with several separable response systems at a lower level of the hierarchy. The hierarchical model retains many of the strengths of the three- systems model while overcoming many of the limitations of the three-systems model.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80009-9
DO - 10.1016/S0005-7894(98)80009-9
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:0031841474
SN - 0005-7894
VL - 29
SP - 301
EP - 323
JO - Behavior Therapy
JF - Behavior Therapy
IS - 2
ER -