Abstract
LiMn2O4 (LMO) spinels with diverse achievable morphologies are realized using solution processing techniques including sol-gel and cofuel-assisted combustion synthesis (CS). These LMOs are utilized as cathode materials in lithium ion batteries (LiBs), with LMO produced here by low-temperature, sorbitol-assisted combustion synthesis (SA-CS) yielding superior performance metrics. Morphological analysis by combined X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates that these SA-CS LMO powders have optimum LiB grain (<500 nm) and crystallite (~30 nm) dimensions as well as spinel phase purity. Cathode mixtures having micron-scale, uniformly distributed LMO, conductive carbon, and a polymer binder provide effective electron and Li transport as assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and fabricated battery performance, showing high capacity (~120 mA h/g), good cycling stability (~95% capacity retention after 100 charge/discharge cycles), and high charge/discharge rates (up to 86 mA h/g at 10 C). SA-CS provides a simple, efficient, lower temperature, and scalable process for producing morphology-controlled high-performance LiB cathode oxides.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 103936 |
Journal | Nano Energy |
Volume | 64 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2019 |
Funding
This work was supported as part of the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science , an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy , Office of Science , Basic Energy Sciences (Award No. DE-AC02–06CH11357 ; W.H.). This work made use of the Keck-II facility of Northwestern University's NUANCE Center, which received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource ( NSF ECCS-1542205 ); the MRSEC program ( NSF DMR-1720139 ) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN) ; the Kendrick Foundation ; and the State of Illinois , through the IIN. This work also made use of the IMSERC at Northwestern University, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource ( NSF NNCI-1542205 ); the State of Illinois and International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN) ; and the NSF ( NSF CHE-9871268 ). W.H and G. W. contributed equally to this work.
Keywords
- Cofuel combustion
- Combustion synthesis
- Controllable morphology
- Li-ion batteries
- Lithium manganese oxide
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- General Materials Science
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering