Coronary artery abnormalities

Structural abnormalities of the coronary arteries in children occur rarely. Congenital coronary anomalies may occur in isolation, as in anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), single coronary artery, or coronary artery fistula (CAF). Coronary anomalies may also be associated with certain congenital heart defects, such as tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), transposition of the great arteries, truncus arteriosus (TA), and pulmonary atresia. Although acquired abnormalities of the coronary vessels in children are also rare, they have been identified in Kawasaki disease (KD), as well as in cardiac transplant recipients (i.e., allograft vasculopathy), familial hyperlipidemia, children with chronic renal failure, and patients with acquired immunodeficiency disorder.