TY - JOUR
T1 - Cortical activation during word processing in late bilinguals
T2 - Similarities and differences as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging
AU - Marian, Viorica
AU - Shildkrot, Yevgeniy
AU - Blumenfeld, Henrike K.
AU - Kaushanskaya, Margarita
AU - Faroqi-Shah, Yasmeen
AU - Hirsch, Joy
N1 - Funding Information:
Data collection for this study was supported by NRSA Grant 5T32MH019389-09 to the first author and by MSKCC Support Grant CIP30CA08748 to the last author, and preparation of this manuscript was supported in part by Grants NSF BCS-0418495 and NICHD 1R03HD046952 to the first author. A summary description of a subset of these data appears in Marian, Spivey, and Hirsch (2003) prepared for the International Conference on Neurological Bases of Language at the University of Groningen, Netherlands. We are grateful to the editor and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. We wish to thank Ulric Neisser, Aswin van den Berg, Li Sheng, the members of the fMRI lab at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and the Northwestern Bilingualism and Psycholinguistics Laboratory for contributions during various stages of the project.
PY - 2007/4
Y1 - 2007/4
N2 - Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare cortical organization of the first (L1, Russian) and second (L2, English) languages. Six fluent Russian-English bilinguals who acquired their second language postpuberty were tested with words and nonwords presented either auditorily or visually. Results showed that both languages activated similar cortical networks, including the inferior frontal, middle frontal, superior temporal, middle temporal, angular, and supramarginal gyri. Within the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), L2 activated a larger cortical volume than L1 during lexical and phonological processing. For both languages, the left IFG was more active than the right IFG during lexical processing. Within the left IFG, the distance between centers of activation associated with lexical processing of translation equivalents across languages was larger than the distance between centers of activation associated with lexical processing of different words in the same language. Results of phonological processing analyses revealed different centers of activation associated with the first versus the second language in the IFG, but not in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). These findings are discussed within the context of the current literature on cortical organization in bilinguals and suggest variation in bilingual cortical activation associated with lexical, phonological, and orthographic processing.
AB - Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare cortical organization of the first (L1, Russian) and second (L2, English) languages. Six fluent Russian-English bilinguals who acquired their second language postpuberty were tested with words and nonwords presented either auditorily or visually. Results showed that both languages activated similar cortical networks, including the inferior frontal, middle frontal, superior temporal, middle temporal, angular, and supramarginal gyri. Within the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), L2 activated a larger cortical volume than L1 during lexical and phonological processing. For both languages, the left IFG was more active than the right IFG during lexical processing. Within the left IFG, the distance between centers of activation associated with lexical processing of translation equivalents across languages was larger than the distance between centers of activation associated with lexical processing of different words in the same language. Results of phonological processing analyses revealed different centers of activation associated with the first versus the second language in the IFG, but not in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). These findings are discussed within the context of the current literature on cortical organization in bilinguals and suggest variation in bilingual cortical activation associated with lexical, phonological, and orthographic processing.
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U2 - 10.1080/13803390600659376
DO - 10.1080/13803390600659376
M3 - Article
C2 - 17454346
AN - SCOPUS:34247102610
SN - 1380-3395
VL - 29
SP - 247
EP - 265
JO - Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
JF - Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
IS - 3
ER -