@article{0dc846959fd44eaa9154ba8d0ba95527,
title = "Cosmogenic production of Ar 37 in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment",
abstract = "We estimate the amount of Ar37 produced in natural xenon via cosmic-ray-induced spallation, an inevitable consequence of the transportation and storage of xenon on the Earth's surface. We then calculate the resulting Ar37 concentration in a 10-tonne payload (similar to that of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment) assuming a representative schedule of xenon purification, storage, and delivery to the underground facility. Using the spallation model by Silberberg and Tsao, the sea-level production rate of Ar37 in natural xenon is estimated to be 0.024 atoms/kg/day. Assuming the xenon is successively purified to remove radioactive contaminants in 1-tonne batches at a rate of 1 tonne/month, the average Ar37 activity after 10 tons are purified and transported underground is 0.058-0.090 μBq/kg, depending on the degree of argon removal during above-ground purification. Such cosmogenic Ar37 will appear as a noticeable background in the early science data, while decaying with a 35-day half-life. This newly noticed production mechanism of Ar37 should be considered when planning for future liquid-xenon-based experiments.",
author = "{(The LUX-ZEPLIN Collaboration)} and J. Aalbers and Akerib, {D. S.} and {Al Musalhi}, {A. K.} and F. Alder and Alsum, {S. K.} and Amarasinghe, {C. S.} and A. Ames and Anderson, {T. J.} and N. Angelides and Ara{\'u}jo, {H. M.} and Armstrong, {J. E.} and M. Arthurs and X. Bai and A. Baker and J. Balajthy and S. Balashov and J. Bang and Bargemann, {J. W.} and D. Bauer and A. Baxter and K. Beattie and Bernard, {E. P.} and A. Bhatti and A. Biekert and Biesiadzinski, {T. P.} and Birch, {H. J.} and Blockinger, {G. M.} and E. Bodnia and B. Boxer and Brew, {C. A.J.} and P. Br{\'a}s and S. Burdin and Busenitz, {J. K.} and M. Buuck and R. Cabrita and Carmona-Benitez, {M. C.} and M. Cascella and C. Chan and A. Chawla and H. Chen and Chott, {N. I.} and A. Cole and Converse, {M. V.} and A. Cottle and G. Cox and O. Creaner and Cutter, {J. E.} and Dahl, {C. E.} and A. David and {De Viveiros}, L.",
note = "Funding Information: The research supporting this work took place in whole or in part at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. Funding for this work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, No. DE-SC0020216, No. DE-SC0012704, No. DE-SC0010010, No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-SC0012161, No. DE-SC0014223, No. DE-SC0010813, No. DE-SC0009999, No. DE-NA0003180, No. DE-SC0011702, No. DESC0010072, No. DE-SC0015708, No. DE-SC0006605, No. DE-SC0008475, No. DE-FG02-10ER46709, No. UW PRJ82AJ, No. DE-SC0013542, No. DE-AC02-76SF00515, No. DE-SC0018982, No. DE-SC0019066, No. DE-SC0015535, No. DE-SC0019193 No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and No. DOE-SC0012447. This research was also supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); the U.K. Science & Technology Facilities Council under Grants No. ST/M003655/1, No. ST/M003981/1, No. ST/M003744/1, No. ST/M003639/1, No. ST/M003604/1, No. ST/R003181/1, No. ST/M003469/1, No. ST/S000739/1, No. ST/S000666/1, No. ST/S000828/1, No. ST/S000879/1, No. ST/S000933/1, No. ST/S000747/1, and No. ST/S000801/1 (J. D.); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under Grant No. PTDC/FIS-PAR/2831/2020; the Institute for Basic Science, Korea (budget No. IBS-R016-D1). We acknowledge additional support from the STFC Boulby Underground Laboratory in the United Kingdom, the GridPP and IRIS Consortium, in particular at Imperial College London and additional support by the University College London (UCL) Cosmoparticle Initiative. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under award No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This work was completed in part with resources provided by the University of Massachusetts{\textquoteright} Green High Performance Computing Cluster (GHPCC). The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with the registration number SC005336. The assistance of SURF and its personnel in providing physical access and general logistical and technical support is acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevD.105.082004",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "105",
journal = "Physical Review D",
issn = "2470-0010",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "8",
}