CO₂ and sulfuric acid controls of weathering and river water composition

Reactions of CO₂ with carbonate and silicate minerals in continental sediments and upper part of the crystalline crust produce HCO₃^- in river and ground waters. H₂ SO₄ formed by the oxidation of pyrite and reacting with carbonates may produce CO₂ or HCO₃^-. The ratio, ψ, of atmospheric or soil CO₂ consumed in weathering to HCO₃^- produced depends on the mix of CO₂ and H₂SO₄, and the proportions of the carbonates and silicates in the source rock. An average sediment has a CO₂ uptake potential of ψ = 0.61. The potential increases by inclusion of the crystalline crust in the weathering source rock. A mineral dissolution model for an average river gives ψ = 0.68 to 0.72 that is within the range of ψ = 0.63 to 0.75, reported by other investigators using other methods. These results translate into the CO₂ weathering flux of 20 to 24 × 10¹² mol/yr.