COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study

Gypsyamber D’Souza; Gayle Springer; Deborah Gustafson; Seble Kassaye; Maria L. Alcaide; Catalina Ramirez; Anjali Sharma; Frank J. Palella; Phyllis C. Tien; Roger Detels; Mirjam Colette Kempf; Cecile D. Lahiri; Charles R. Rinaldo; Audrey L. French; Joseph B. Margolick; Ada A. Adimora

doi:10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521

COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study

Gypsyamber D’Souza^*, Gayle Springer, Deborah Gustafson, Seble Kassaye, Maria L. Alcaide, Catalina Ramirez, Anjali Sharma, Frank J. Palella, Phyllis C. Tien, Roger Detels, Mirjam Colette Kempf, Cecile D. Lahiri, Charles R. Rinaldo, Audrey L. French, Joseph B. Margolick, Ada A. Adimora^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection among People Living With HIV (PLWH) is not well-described. Objective: To study COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-based swab testing among participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: A telephone survey was collected April-June 30, 2020. Symptom and testing prevalence were explored. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results: The survey was completed by 3411 participants, including 2078 (61%) PLWH and 1333 HIV-seronegative (SN) participants from across the US. Thirteen percent (n = 441) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection (13.4% of PLWH vs 12.2% of SN). Among those tested, positivity was higher in PLWH than SN (11.2% vs 6.1%, p = 0.08). Reasons for not being tested included testing not being available (30% of participants) and not knowing where to get tested (16% of participants). Most symptoms reported since January 2020 were similar in PLWH and SN, including headache (23% vs. 24%), myalgias (19% vs 18%), shortness of breath (14% vs 13%), chills (12% vs 10%), fever (6% vs 6%) and loss of taste or smell (6% vs 7%). Among PLWH who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 DNA, the most common symptoms were headache (71%), myalgia (68%), cough (68%) and chills (65%). In multivariable analysis among those tested, the odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity were higher among PLWH than SN (aOR = 2.22 95%CI = 01.01–4.85, p = 0.046) and among those living with others versus living alone (aOR = 2.95 95%CI = 1.18–7.40). Conclusion: Prevalence and type of COVID-19 symptoms were similar in PLWH and SN. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be elevated among PLWH.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	130-139
Number of pages	10
Journal	HIV Research and Clinical Practice
Volume	21
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521
State	Published - 2020

Funding

The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). MWCCS (Principal Investigators): Atlanta CRS (Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Anandi Sheth, and Gina Wingood), U01-HL146241; Baltimore CRS (Todd Brown and Joseph Margolick), U01-HL146201; Bronx CRS (Kathryn Anastos and Anjali Sharma), U01-HL146204; Brooklyn CRS (Deborah Gustafson and Tracey Wilson), U01-HL146202; Data Analysis and Coordination Center (Gypsyamber D’Souza, Stephen Gange and Elizabeth Golub), U01-HL146193; Chicago-Cook County CRS (Mardge Cohen and Audrey French), U01-HL146245; Chicago-Northwestern CRS (Steven Wolinsky), U01-HL146240; Northern California CRS (Bradley Aouizerat, Jennifer Price, and Phyllis Tien), U01-HL146242; Los Angeles CRS (Roger Detels), U01-HL146333; Metropolitan Washington CRS (Seble Kassaye and Daniel Merenstein), U01-HL146205; Miami CRS (Maria Alcaide, Margaret Fischl, and Deborah Jones), U01-HL146203; Pittsburgh CRS (Jeremy Martinson and Charles Rinaldo), U01-HL146208; UAB-MS CRS (Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Jodie Dionne-Odom, and Deborah Konkle-Parker), U01-HL146192; UNC CRS (Adaora Adimora), U01-HL146194. The MWCCS is funded primarily by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional co-funding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institute On Aging (NIA), National Institute Of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke (NINDS), National Institute Of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute On Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute Of Nursing Research (NINR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), and in coordination and alignment with the research priorities of the National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research (OAR). MWCCS data collection is also supported by UL1-TR000004 (UCSF CTSA), P30-AI-050409 (Atlanta CFAR), P30-AI-050410 (UNC CFAR), and P30-AI-027767 (UAB CFAR). Dr. Lahiri is also supported by NIH/NIAID K23AI124913. Palella FJ has been a consultant and/or has provided lectures for the following: Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, ViiV Healthcare and Merck. Sharma A has received grant funding from Gilead Sciences, Inc. PCT has received grant support from Merck. Aadimora AA has received consulting fees from Viiv, and Gilead and her institution has received funding from Gilead for her research. All other authors have no conflicts to report.

Keywords

COVID-19
HIV
MWCCS
PLWH
SARS-CoV-2
epidemiology
symptoms
testing

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology (medical)

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521

Cite this

D’Souza, G., Springer, G., Gustafson, D., Kassaye, S., Alcaide, M. L., Ramirez, C., Sharma, A., Palella, F. J., Tien, P. C., Detels, R., Kempf, M. C., Lahiri, C. D., Rinaldo, C. R., French, A. L., Margolick, J. B., & Adimora, A. A. (2020). COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study. HIV Research and Clinical Practice, 21(5), 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521

@article{8b06e83aa8a5417fb5e7ca3b5b833939,

title = "COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study",

abstract = "Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection among People Living With HIV (PLWH) is not well-described. Objective: To study COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-based swab testing among participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women{\textquoteright}s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: A telephone survey was collected April-June 30, 2020. Symptom and testing prevalence were explored. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results: The survey was completed by 3411 participants, including 2078 (61%) PLWH and 1333 HIV-seronegative (SN) participants from across the US. Thirteen percent (n = 441) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection (13.4% of PLWH vs 12.2% of SN). Among those tested, positivity was higher in PLWH than SN (11.2% vs 6.1%, p = 0.08). Reasons for not being tested included testing not being available (30% of participants) and not knowing where to get tested (16% of participants). Most symptoms reported since January 2020 were similar in PLWH and SN, including headache (23% vs. 24%), myalgias (19% vs 18%), shortness of breath (14% vs 13%), chills (12% vs 10%), fever (6% vs 6%) and loss of taste or smell (6% vs 7%). Among PLWH who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 DNA, the most common symptoms were headache (71%), myalgia (68%), cough (68%) and chills (65%). In multivariable analysis among those tested, the odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity were higher among PLWH than SN (aOR = 2.22 95%CI = 01.01–4.85, p = 0.046) and among those living with others versus living alone (aOR = 2.95 95%CI = 1.18–7.40). Conclusion: Prevalence and type of COVID-19 symptoms were similar in PLWH and SN. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be elevated among PLWH.",

keywords = "COVID-19, HIV, MWCCS, PLWH, SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology, symptoms, testing",

author = "Gypsyamber D{\textquoteright}Souza and Gayle Springer and Deborah Gustafson and Seble Kassaye and Alcaide, {Maria L.} and Catalina Ramirez and Anjali Sharma and Palella, {Frank J.} and Tien, {Phyllis C.} and Roger Detels and Kempf, {Mirjam Colette} and Lahiri, {Cecile D.} and Rinaldo, {Charles R.} and French, {Audrey L.} and Margolick, {Joseph B.} and Adimora, {Ada A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",

year = "2020",

doi = "10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "21",

pages = "130--139",

journal = "HIV Research and Clinical Practice",

issn = "2578-7489",

publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",

number = "5",

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D’Souza, G, Springer, G, Gustafson, D, Kassaye, S, Alcaide, ML, Ramirez, C, Sharma, A, Palella, FJ, Tien, PC, Detels, R, Kempf, MC, Lahiri, CD, Rinaldo, CR, French, AL, Margolick, JB & Adimora, AA 2020, 'COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study', HIV Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521

TY - JOUR

T1 - COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US

T2 - the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study

AU - D’Souza, Gypsyamber

AU - Springer, Gayle

AU - Gustafson, Deborah

AU - Kassaye, Seble

AU - Alcaide, Maria L.

AU - Ramirez, Catalina

AU - Sharma, Anjali

AU - Palella, Frank J.

AU - Tien, Phyllis C.

AU - Detels, Roger

AU - Kempf, Mirjam Colette

AU - Lahiri, Cecile D.

AU - Rinaldo, Charles R.

AU - French, Audrey L.

AU - Margolick, Joseph B.

AU - Adimora, Ada A.

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection among People Living With HIV (PLWH) is not well-described. Objective: To study COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-based swab testing among participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: A telephone survey was collected April-June 30, 2020. Symptom and testing prevalence were explored. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results: The survey was completed by 3411 participants, including 2078 (61%) PLWH and 1333 HIV-seronegative (SN) participants from across the US. Thirteen percent (n = 441) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection (13.4% of PLWH vs 12.2% of SN). Among those tested, positivity was higher in PLWH than SN (11.2% vs 6.1%, p = 0.08). Reasons for not being tested included testing not being available (30% of participants) and not knowing where to get tested (16% of participants). Most symptoms reported since January 2020 were similar in PLWH and SN, including headache (23% vs. 24%), myalgias (19% vs 18%), shortness of breath (14% vs 13%), chills (12% vs 10%), fever (6% vs 6%) and loss of taste or smell (6% vs 7%). Among PLWH who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 DNA, the most common symptoms were headache (71%), myalgia (68%), cough (68%) and chills (65%). In multivariable analysis among those tested, the odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity were higher among PLWH than SN (aOR = 2.22 95%CI = 01.01–4.85, p = 0.046) and among those living with others versus living alone (aOR = 2.95 95%CI = 1.18–7.40). Conclusion: Prevalence and type of COVID-19 symptoms were similar in PLWH and SN. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be elevated among PLWH.

AB - Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection among People Living With HIV (PLWH) is not well-described. Objective: To study COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-based swab testing among participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: A telephone survey was collected April-June 30, 2020. Symptom and testing prevalence were explored. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results: The survey was completed by 3411 participants, including 2078 (61%) PLWH and 1333 HIV-seronegative (SN) participants from across the US. Thirteen percent (n = 441) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection (13.4% of PLWH vs 12.2% of SN). Among those tested, positivity was higher in PLWH than SN (11.2% vs 6.1%, p = 0.08). Reasons for not being tested included testing not being available (30% of participants) and not knowing where to get tested (16% of participants). Most symptoms reported since January 2020 were similar in PLWH and SN, including headache (23% vs. 24%), myalgias (19% vs 18%), shortness of breath (14% vs 13%), chills (12% vs 10%), fever (6% vs 6%) and loss of taste or smell (6% vs 7%). Among PLWH who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 DNA, the most common symptoms were headache (71%), myalgia (68%), cough (68%) and chills (65%). In multivariable analysis among those tested, the odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity were higher among PLWH than SN (aOR = 2.22 95%CI = 01.01–4.85, p = 0.046) and among those living with others versus living alone (aOR = 2.95 95%CI = 1.18–7.40). Conclusion: Prevalence and type of COVID-19 symptoms were similar in PLWH and SN. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be elevated among PLWH.

KW - COVID-19

KW - HIV

KW - MWCCS

KW - PLWH

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - epidemiology

KW - symptoms

KW - testing

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U2 - 10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521

DO - 10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521

M3 - Article

C2 - 33211636

AN - SCOPUS:85096370608

SN - 2578-7489

VL - 21

SP - 130

EP - 139

JO - HIV Research and Clinical Practice

JF - HIV Research and Clinical Practice

IS - 5

ER -

COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study

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UN SDGs

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