CRNK gene transfer improves function and reverses the myosin heavy chain isoenzyme switch during post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodeling

PYK2 is a Ca²⁺-dependent, nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that is involved in the induction of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and its transition to heart failure. We and others have previously investigated PYK2's function in vitro using cultured neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes as model systems. However, the function of PYK2 in the in vivo adult heart remains unclear. Here we evaluate the effect of PYK2 inhibition following myocardial infarction (MI) using adenoviral (Adv) overexpression of the C-terminal domain of PYK2, known as CRNK. First we demonstrate that CRNK functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of PYK2-dependent signaling, presumably by displacing PYK2 from focal adhesions and costameres. Then, male Sprague-Dawley rats (~ 300 g) underwent permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. One wk post-MI, either Adv-GFP (n = 34) or Adv-CRNK (n = 28) was administered (10¹⁰ pfu, 0.1 ml) via catheter-based, Optison^®-mediated gene transfer. LV structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography 1 and 3 wk after gene transfer, and LV tissue was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. CRNK overexpression was readily detected by Western blotting 1 wk following gene transfer. Adv-CRNK improved overall survival (P = 0.03; Logrank Test) and LV fractional shortening (23 ± 2% vs. 31 ± 2% for Adv-GFP vs. Adv-CRNK infected animals, respectively; P < 0.05). Whereas MI hearts exhibited increased β-, and decreased α-myosin heavy chain (MHC) mRNA expression characteristic of LVH, Adv-CRNK reversed the MHC isoenzyme switch (3.3 ± 1.4 fold increase in αMHC; 0.4 ± 0.1 fold decrease in βMHC; P < 0.05 for both). In summary, CRNK gene transfer improves survival, increases LV function, and alters MHC gene expression suggesting an attenuation of LV remodeling post-MI.