Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation

Tommaso Sanna*, Hans Christoph Diener, Rod S. Passman, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Richard A. Bernstein, Carlos A. Morillo, Marilyn Mollman Rymer, Vincent Thijs, Tyson Rogers, Frank Beckers, Kate Lindborg, Johannes Brachmann

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1645 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend at least 24 hours of electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring after an ischemic stroke to rule out atrial fibrillation. However, the most effective duration and type of monitoring have not been established, and the cause of ischemic stroke remains uncertain despite a complete diagnostic evaluation in 20 to 40% of cases (cryptogenic stroke). Detection of atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke has therapeutic implications. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled study of 441 patients to assess whether long-term monitoring with an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) is more effective than conventional follow-up (control) for detecting atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Patients 40 years of age or older with no evidence of atrial fibrillation during at least 24 hours of ECG monitoring underwent randomization within 90 days after the index event. The primary end point was the time to first detection of atrial fibrillation (lasting >30 seconds) within 6 months. Among the secondary end points was the time to first detection of atrial fibrillation within 12 months. Data were analyzed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: By 6 months, atrial fibrillation had been detected in 8.9% of patients in the ICM group (19 patients) versus 1.4% of patients in the control group (3 patients) (hazard ratio, 6.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 21.7; P<0.001). By 12 months, atrial fibrillation had been detected in 12.4% of patients in the ICM group (29 patients) versus 2.0% of patients in the control group (4 patients) (hazard ratio, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.6 to 20.8; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ECG monitoring with an ICM was superior to conventional follow-up for detecting atrial fibrillation after cryptogenic stroke.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2478-2486
Number of pages9
JournalNew England Journal of Medicine
Volume370
Issue number26
DOIs
StatePublished - 2014

Funding

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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