TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytokines in chronic rhinosinusitis role in eosinophilia and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease
AU - Stevens, Whitney W.
AU - Ocampo, Christopher J.
AU - Berdnikovs, Sergejs
AU - Sakashita, Masafumi
AU - Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh
AU - Suh, Lydia
AU - Takabayashi, Tetsuji
AU - Norton, James E.
AU - Hulse, Kathryn E.
AU - Conley, David B.
AU - Chandra, Rakesh K.
AU - Tan, Bruce K.
AU - Peters, Anju T.
AU - Grammer, Leslie C.
AU - Kato, Atsushi
AU - Harris, Kathleen E.
AU - Carter, Roderick G.
AU - Fujieda, Shigeharu
AU - Kern, Robert C.
AU - Schleimer, Robert P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2015 by the American Thoracic Society.
PY - 2015/9/15
Y1 - 2015/9/15
N2 - Rationale: The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are not clear. Objectives: To first evaluate the inflammatory profiles of CRSsNP and CRSwNP tissues and then to investigate whether clinical differences observed between CRSwNP and AERD are in part secondary to differences in inflammatory mediator expression within nasal polyp (NP) tissues. Methods: Expression levels of numerous inflammatory mediators were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and multiplex immunoassay. Measurements and Main Results: CRSwNP NP had increased levels of type 2 mediators, including IL-5 (P<0.001), IL-13 (P<0.001), eotaxin-2 (P <0.001), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4 (P<0.01), compared with sinonasal tissue from subjects with CRSsNP and control subjects. Expression of IFN-γ messenger RNA or protein was low and not different among the chronic rhinosinusitis subtypes examined. Compared with CRSwNP, AERD NP had elevated protein levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) (P< 0.001), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (P< 0.01), and MCP-1 (P = 0.01), as well as decreased gene expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (P = 0.02). Despite the higher eosinophilia in AERD, there was no associated increase in type 2 mediator protein levels observed. Conclusions: CRSwNP was characterized by a predominant type 2 inflammatory environment, whereas CRSsNP did not reflect a classic type 1 milieu, as has been suggested previously. AERD can be distinguished from CRSwNP by elevated ECP levels, but this enhanced eosinophilia is not associated with elevations in traditional type 2 inflammatory mediators associated with eosinophil proliferation and recruitment. However, other factors, including GM-CSF, MCP-1, and tPA, may be important contributors to AERD pathogenesis.
AB - Rationale: The mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are not clear. Objectives: To first evaluate the inflammatory profiles of CRSsNP and CRSwNP tissues and then to investigate whether clinical differences observed between CRSwNP and AERD are in part secondary to differences in inflammatory mediator expression within nasal polyp (NP) tissues. Methods: Expression levels of numerous inflammatory mediators were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and multiplex immunoassay. Measurements and Main Results: CRSwNP NP had increased levels of type 2 mediators, including IL-5 (P<0.001), IL-13 (P<0.001), eotaxin-2 (P <0.001), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4 (P<0.01), compared with sinonasal tissue from subjects with CRSsNP and control subjects. Expression of IFN-γ messenger RNA or protein was low and not different among the chronic rhinosinusitis subtypes examined. Compared with CRSwNP, AERD NP had elevated protein levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) (P< 0.001), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (P< 0.01), and MCP-1 (P = 0.01), as well as decreased gene expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (P = 0.02). Despite the higher eosinophilia in AERD, there was no associated increase in type 2 mediator protein levels observed. Conclusions: CRSwNP was characterized by a predominant type 2 inflammatory environment, whereas CRSsNP did not reflect a classic type 1 milieu, as has been suggested previously. AERD can be distinguished from CRSwNP by elevated ECP levels, but this enhanced eosinophilia is not associated with elevations in traditional type 2 inflammatory mediators associated with eosinophil proliferation and recruitment. However, other factors, including GM-CSF, MCP-1, and tPA, may be important contributors to AERD pathogenesis.
KW - CRSsNP
KW - CRSwNP
KW - Eosinophil
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U2 - 10.1164/rccm.201412-2278OC
DO - 10.1164/rccm.201412-2278OC
M3 - Article
C2 - 26067893
AN - SCOPUS:84942252796
SN - 1073-449X
VL - 192
SP - 682
EP - 694
JO - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
IS - 6
ER -