Cytopathology and clinicopathological correlation of renal neuroendocrine neoplasms

Xiaoqi Lin*, Tatjana Antic, Tieying Hou, Behtash G. Nezami

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: There is a lack of documentation regarding cytopathology of renal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) due to their rarity. Materials and methods: Five cytology cases were gathered from 3 institutes. Results: Cohort consisted of 4 females and 1 male. Fine needle aspiration biopsy and touch preparation slides of core needle biopsy revealed cellular samples, composed of round, plasmacytoid, or columnar cells. Tumor cells were present in nested, acinar, 3D cluster, and individual cell patterns. Tumor cells in 3 cases exhibited uniformly round to oval small nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli, finely granular chromatin, and smooth nuclear membranes, whereas 2 other cases showed pleomorphic nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli, nuclear molding, and irregular nuclear membranes. Tumor cells displayed pale or granular cytoplasm, with 1 case showing small vacuoles. Examination of cores and cell blocks demonstrated tumor cells in sheets, nests, or acini. All tumor cells were positive for neuroendocrine immunomarkers. Based on mitotic count, Ki-67 index and morphology, 3 tumors were graded as well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (WDNET) (1 grade [G] 3, 1 G2, 1 G1) and 2 as large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Deletion of 7q, 10q, and 19q was detected in WDNETs. Two patients with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and 1 with WDNET G3 underwent chemotherapy due to aggressiveness, whereas nephrectomy was performed for patients with WDNET G1 and 2 without metastasis. Conclusions: Cytopathological characteristics of renal NENs closely resemble those affecting other organs. Despite its rarity, renal NENs should be kept in mind when confronted with morphological resemblances to NENs, to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapeutic interventions.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)406-412
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of the American Society of Cytopathology
Volume13
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 1 2024

Keywords

  • Clinicopathologic correlation
  • Cytology
  • Immunocytochemistry
  • Kidney
  • Molecular test
  • Neuroendocrine neoplasm

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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