Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment

E. Aprile; J. Angle; F. Arneodo; L. Baudis; A. Bernstein; A. Bolozdynya; P. Brusov; L. C C Coelho; C. E. Dahl; L. Deviveiros; A. D. Ferella; L. M P Fernandes; S. Fiorucci; R. J. Gaitskell; K. L. Giboni; R. Gomez; R. Hasty; L. Kastens; J. Kwong; J. A M Lopes; N. Madden; A. Manalaysay; A. Manzur; D. N. McKinsey; M. E. Monzani; K. Ni; U. Oberlack; J. Orboeck; D. Orlandi; G. Plante; R. Santorelli; J. M F Dos Santos; P. Shagin; T. Shutt; P. Sorensen; S. Schulte; E. Tatananni; C. Winant; M. Yamashita

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006

Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment

E. Aprile, J. Angle, F. Arneodo, L. Baudis, A. Bernstein, A. Bolozdynya, P. Brusov, L. C C Coelho, C. E. Dahl, L. Deviveiros, A. D. Ferella, L. M P Fernandes, S. Fiorucci, R. J. Gaitskell, K. L. Giboni, R. Gomez, R. Hasty, L. Kastens, J. Kwong, J. A M LopesN. Madden, A. Manalaysay, A. Manzur, D. N. McKinsey, M. E. Monzani, K. Ni^*, U. Oberlack, J. Orboeck, D. Orlandi, G. Plante, R. Santorelli, J. M F Dos Santos, P. Shagin, T. Shutt, P. Sorensen, S. Schulte, E. Tatananni, C. Winant, M. Yamashita

^*Corresponding author for this work

Physics and Astronomy

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109 Scopus citations

Abstract

XENON10 is the first two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) developed within the XENON dark matter search program. The TPC, with an active liquid xenon (LXe) mass of about 14 kg, was installed at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy, and operated for more than one year, with excellent stability and performance. Results from a dark matter search with XENON10 have been published elsewhere. In this paper, we summarize the design and performance of the detector and its subsystems, based on calibration data using sources of gamma-rays and neutrons as well as background and Monte Carlo simulation data. The results on the detector's energy threshold, position resolution, and overall efficiency show a performance that exceeds design specifications, in view of the very low energy threshold achieved (<10 keVr) and low background rate achieved.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	679-698
Number of pages	20
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	34
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006
State	Published - Apr 2011

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants Nos. PHY-03-02646 and PHY-04-00596 , and by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-91ER40688, the CAREER Grant No. PHY-0542066, the Volkswagen Foundation (Germany) and the FCT Grant No. POCI/FIS/60534/2004 (Portugal). We thank the Director of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, Prof. E. Coccia, and his staff for support throughout this effort. Special thanks go to the laboratory’s engineering team, led by P. Aprili, and to F. Redaelli of COMASUD for their contribution to the XENON10 installation. We are also thankful to Prof. Tom Haruyama for his contribution to the XENON10 cryogenics system and Dr. M. Laubenstein for the radioactivity screening of several XENON10 materials, especially the PMTs.

Keywords

Dark matter
Direct detection
Liquid xenon
Time projection chamber

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics

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10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006

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Aprile, E., Angle, J., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Brusov, P., Coelho, L. C. C., Dahl, C. E., Deviveiros, L., Ferella, A. D., Fernandes, L. M. P., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Giboni, K. L., Gomez, R., Hasty, R., Kastens, L., Kwong, J., ... Yamashita, M. (2011). Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment. Astroparticle Physics, 34(9), 679-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006

@article{5cc94a94ca094209b231bc4f6d33aa48,

title = "Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment",

abstract = "XENON10 is the first two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) developed within the XENON dark matter search program. The TPC, with an active liquid xenon (LXe) mass of about 14 kg, was installed at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy, and operated for more than one year, with excellent stability and performance. Results from a dark matter search with XENON10 have been published elsewhere. In this paper, we summarize the design and performance of the detector and its subsystems, based on calibration data using sources of gamma-rays and neutrons as well as background and Monte Carlo simulation data. The results on the detector's energy threshold, position resolution, and overall efficiency show a performance that exceeds design specifications, in view of the very low energy threshold achieved (<10 keVr) and low background rate achieved.",

keywords = "Dark matter, Direct detection, Liquid xenon, Time projection chamber",

author = "E. Aprile and J. Angle and F. Arneodo and L. Baudis and A. Bernstein and A. Bolozdynya and P. Brusov and Coelho, {L. C C} and Dahl, {C. E.} and L. Deviveiros and Ferella, {A. D.} and Fernandes, {L. M P} and S. Fiorucci and Gaitskell, {R. J.} and Giboni, {K. L.} and R. Gomez and R. Hasty and L. Kastens and J. Kwong and Lopes, {J. A M} and N. Madden and A. Manalaysay and A. Manzur and McKinsey, {D. N.} and Monzani, {M. E.} and K. Ni and U. Oberlack and J. Orboeck and D. Orlandi and G. Plante and R. Santorelli and {Dos Santos}, {J. M F} and P. Shagin and T. Shutt and P. Sorensen and S. Schulte and E. Tatananni and C. Winant and M. Yamashita",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants Nos. PHY-03-02646 and PHY-04-00596 , and by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-91ER40688, the CAREER Grant No. PHY-0542066, the Volkswagen Foundation (Germany) and the FCT Grant No. POCI/FIS/60534/2004 (Portugal). We thank the Director of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, Prof. E. Coccia, and his staff for support throughout this effort. Special thanks go to the laboratory{\textquoteright}s engineering team, led by P. Aprili, and to F. Redaelli of COMASUD for their contribution to the XENON10 installation. We are also thankful to Prof. Tom Haruyama for his contribution to the XENON10 cryogenics system and Dr. M. Laubenstein for the radioactivity screening of several XENON10 materials, especially the PMTs.",

year = "2011",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "34",

pages = "679--698",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "9",

}

Aprile, E, Angle, J, Arneodo, F, Baudis, L, Bernstein, A, Bolozdynya, A, Brusov, P, Coelho, LCC, Dahl, CE, Deviveiros, L, Ferella, AD, Fernandes, LMP, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Giboni, KL, Gomez, R, Hasty, R, Kastens, L, Kwong, J, Lopes, JAM, Madden, N, Manalaysay, A, Manzur, A, McKinsey, DN, Monzani, ME, Ni, K, Oberlack, U, Orboeck, J, Orlandi, D, Plante, G, Santorelli, R, Dos Santos, JMF, Shagin, P, Shutt, T, Sorensen, P, Schulte, S, Tatananni, E, Winant, C & Yamashita, M 2011, 'Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 679-698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006

TY - JOUR

T1 - Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment

AU - Aprile, E.

AU - Angle, J.

AU - Arneodo, F.

AU - Baudis, L.

AU - Bernstein, A.

AU - Bolozdynya, A.

AU - Brusov, P.

AU - Coelho, L. C C

AU - Dahl, C. E.

AU - Deviveiros, L.

AU - Ferella, A. D.

AU - Fernandes, L. M P

AU - Fiorucci, S.

AU - Gaitskell, R. J.

AU - Giboni, K. L.

AU - Gomez, R.

AU - Hasty, R.

AU - Kastens, L.

AU - Kwong, J.

AU - Lopes, J. A M

AU - Madden, N.

AU - Manalaysay, A.

AU - Manzur, A.

AU - McKinsey, D. N.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Ni, K.

AU - Oberlack, U.

AU - Orboeck, J.

AU - Orlandi, D.

AU - Plante, G.

AU - Santorelli, R.

AU - Dos Santos, J. M F

AU - Shagin, P.

AU - Shutt, T.

AU - Sorensen, P.

AU - Schulte, S.

AU - Tatananni, E.

AU - Winant, C.

AU - Yamashita, M.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants Nos. PHY-03-02646 and PHY-04-00596 , and by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-91ER40688, the CAREER Grant No. PHY-0542066, the Volkswagen Foundation (Germany) and the FCT Grant No. POCI/FIS/60534/2004 (Portugal). We thank the Director of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, Prof. E. Coccia, and his staff for support throughout this effort. Special thanks go to the laboratory’s engineering team, led by P. Aprili, and to F. Redaelli of COMASUD for their contribution to the XENON10 installation. We are also thankful to Prof. Tom Haruyama for his contribution to the XENON10 cryogenics system and Dr. M. Laubenstein for the radioactivity screening of several XENON10 materials, especially the PMTs.

PY - 2011/4

Y1 - 2011/4

N2 - XENON10 is the first two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) developed within the XENON dark matter search program. The TPC, with an active liquid xenon (LXe) mass of about 14 kg, was installed at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy, and operated for more than one year, with excellent stability and performance. Results from a dark matter search with XENON10 have been published elsewhere. In this paper, we summarize the design and performance of the detector and its subsystems, based on calibration data using sources of gamma-rays and neutrons as well as background and Monte Carlo simulation data. The results on the detector's energy threshold, position resolution, and overall efficiency show a performance that exceeds design specifications, in view of the very low energy threshold achieved (<10 keVr) and low background rate achieved.

AB - XENON10 is the first two-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) developed within the XENON dark matter search program. The TPC, with an active liquid xenon (LXe) mass of about 14 kg, was installed at the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy, and operated for more than one year, with excellent stability and performance. Results from a dark matter search with XENON10 have been published elsewhere. In this paper, we summarize the design and performance of the detector and its subsystems, based on calibration data using sources of gamma-rays and neutrons as well as background and Monte Carlo simulation data. The results on the detector's energy threshold, position resolution, and overall efficiency show a performance that exceeds design specifications, in view of the very low energy threshold achieved (<10 keVr) and low background rate achieved.

KW - Dark matter

KW - Direct detection

KW - Liquid xenon

KW - Time projection chamber

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=79951701806&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.01.006

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:79951701806

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 34

SP - 679

EP - 698

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

IS - 9

ER -

Design and performance of the XENON10 dark matter experiment

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